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Register a new userChiral anomaly, induced current, and vacuum polarization tensor for a Dirac field in the presence of a defect
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We evaluate the vacuum polarization tensor (VPT) for a massless Dirac field in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions, in the presence of a particular kind of defect, which in a special limit imposes bag boundary conditions. We also show that the chiral anomaly in the presence of such a defect is the same as when no defects are present, both in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions. This implies that the induced vacuum current in 1+1 dimensions due to the lowest order VPT is exact.
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In this paper we analyze the vacuum bosonic current and polarization induced by a magnetic flux running along a higher dimensional cosmic string in the presence of a flat boundary orthogonal to the string. In our analysis we assume that the quantum field obeys Dirichlet or Neunmann conditions on the flat boundary. In order to develop this analysis we calculate the corresponding Wightman function. As consequence of the boundary, the Wightamn function is expressed in term of two contributions: The first one corresponds to the boundary-free cosmic string Wightman function, while the second one is induced by the boundary. The boundary-induced contributions have opposite signs for Dirichlet and Newman scalars. Because the analysis of vacuum current and polarization effects in the boundary-free cosmic string spacetime have been developed in the literature, here we are mainly interested in the calculations of the effects induced by the boundary. Regarding to the induced current, we show that, depending on the condition adopted, the boundary-induced azimuthal current can cancel or intensifies the total induced azimuthal current on the boundary; moreover, the boundary-induced azimuthal current is a periodic odd function of the magnetic flux. As to the vacuum expectation values of the field squared and the energy-momentum tensor, the boundary-induced contributions are even functions of magnetic flux. In particular, we consider some special cases of the boundary-induced part of the energy density and evaluate the normal vacuum force on the boundary.
We investigate the vacuum polarization and the Casimir energy of a Dirac field coupled to a scalar potential in one spatial dimension. Both of these effects have a common cause which is the distortion of the spectrum due to the coupling with the background field. Choosing the potential to be a symmetrical square-well, the problem becomes exactly solvable and we can find the whole spectrum of the system, analytically. We show that the total number of states and the total density remain unchanged as compared with the free case, as one expects. Furthermore, since the positive- and negative-energy eigenstates of the fermion are fermion-number conjugates of each other and there is no zero-energy bound state, the total density and the total number of negative and positive states remain unchanged, separately. Therefore, the vacuum polarization in this model is zero for any choice of the parameters of the potential. It is important to note that although the vacuum polarization is zero due to the symmetries of the model, the Casimir energy of the system is not zero in general. In the graph of the Casimir energy as a function of the depth of the well there is a maximum approximately when the bound energy levels change direction and move back towards their continuum of origin. The Casimir energy for a fixed value of the depth is a linear function of the width and is always positive. Moreover, the Casimir energy density (the energy density of all the negative-energy states) and the energy density of all the positive-energy states are exactly the mirror images of each other. Finally, computing the total energy of a valence fermion present in the lowest fermionic bound state, taking into account the Casimir energy, we find that the lowest bound state is almost always unstable for the scalar potential.
In this talk, we describe recent experimental progress in detecting the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na$_3$Bi in the presence of a magnetic field. The chiral anomaly, which plays a fundamental role in chiral gauge theories, was predicted to be observable in crystals by Nielsen and Ninomiya in 1983 [1]. Theoretical progress in identifying and investigating Dirac and Weyl semimetals has revived strong interest in this issue [2-6]. In the Dirac semimetal, the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by a magnetic field $bf B$ splits each Dirac node into two chiral Weyl nodes. If an electric field $bf E$ is applied parallel to $bf B$, charge is predicted to flow between the Weyl nodes. We report the observation in the Dirac semimetal Na$_3$Bi of a novel, negative and highly anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR). We show that the enhanced conductivity has the form of a narrowly defined plume that can be steered by the applied field. The novel MR is acutely sensitive to deviations of $bf B$ from $bf E$, a feature incompatible with conventional transport. The locking of the current plume to the field appears to be a defining signature of the chiral anomaly.
We explore the connection between the distribution of particles spontaneously produced from an electric field or black hole and the vacuum persistence, twice the imaginary part of the one-loop effective action. Employing the reconstruction conjecture, we find the effective action for the Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac distribution. The Schwinger effect in ${rm AdS}_2$ is computed via the phase-integral method in the static coordinates. The Hawking radiation and Schwinger effect of a charged black hole is rederived and interpreted via the phase-integral. Finally, we discuss the relation between the vacuum persistence and the trace or gravitational anomalies.
In this paper, we consider a massive charged fermionic quantum field and investigate the current densities induced by a magnetic flux running along the core of an idealized cosmic string in the background geometry of a 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, assuming that an extra dimension is compactified. Along the compact dimension quasi-periodicity condition is imposed on the field with a general phase. Moreover, we admit the presence of a magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis. The latter gives rise to Ahanorov-Bohm-like effect on the vacuum expectation value of the currents. In this setup, only azimuthal and axial current densities take place. The former presents two contributions, with the first one due to the cosmic string in a 5-dimensional AdS spacetime without compact dimension, and the second one being induced by the compactification itself. The latter is an odd function of the magnetic flux along the cosmic string and an even function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis with period equal to the quantum flux. As to the induced axial current, it is an even function of the magnetic flux along the strings core and an odd function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactification perimeter. For untwisted and twisted field along compact dimension, the axial current vanishes. The massless field case is presented as well as some asymptotic limits for the parameters of the model.
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