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Power-like potentials: from the Bohr-Sommerfeld energies to exact ones

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 Added by Alexander Turbiner
 Publication date 2021
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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For one-dimensional power-like potentials $|x|^m, m > 0$ the Bohr-Sommerfeld Energies (BSE) extracted explicitly from the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition are compared with the exact energies. It is shown that for the ground state as well as for all positive parity states the BSE are always above the exact ones contrary to the negative parity states where BSE remain above the exact ones for $m>2$ but they are below them for $m < 2$. The ground state BSE as the function of $m$ are of the same order of magnitude as the exact energies for linear $(m=1)$, quartic $(m=4)$ and sextic $(m=6)$ oscillators but relative deviation grows with $m$ reaching the value 4 at $m=infty$. For physically important cases $m=1,4,6$ for the $100$th excited state BSE coincide with exact ones in 5-6 figures. It is demonstrated that modifying the right-hand-side of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition by introducing the so-called {it WKB correction} $gamma$ (coming from the sum of higher order WKB terms taken at the exact energies) to the so-called exact WKB condition one can reproduce the exact energies. It is shown that the WKB correction is small, bounded function $|gamma| < 1/2$ for all $m geq 1$, it is slow growing with increase in $m$ for fixed quantum number, while it decays with quantum number growth at fixed $m$. For the first time for quartic and sextic oscillators the WKB correction and energy spectra (and eigenfunctions) are written explicitly in closed analytic form with high relative accuracy $10^{-9 -11}$ (and $10^{-6}$).



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We derive a quantization formula of Bohr-Sommerfeld type for computing quasinormal frequencies for scalar perturbations in an AdS black hole in the limit of large scalar mass or spatial momentum. We then apply the formula to find poles in retarded Green functions of boundary CFTs on $R^{1,d-1}$ and $RxS^{d-1}$. We find that when the boundary theory is perturbed by an operator of dimension $Delta>> 1$, the relaxation time back to equilibrium is given at zero momentum by ${1 over Delta pi T} << {1 over pi T}$. Turning on a large spatial momentum can significantly increase it. For a generic scalar operator in a CFT on $R^{1,d-1}$, there exists a sequence of poles near the lightcone whose imaginary part scales with momentum as $p^{-{d-2 over d+2}}$ in the large momentum limit. For a CFT on a sphere $S^{d-1}$ we show that the theory possesses a large number of long-lived quasiparticles whose imaginary part is exponentially small in momentum.
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For any arbitrary values of $n$ and $l$ quantum numbers, we present a simple exact analytical solution of the $D$-dimensional ($Dgeq 2$) hyperradial Schr% {o}dinger equation with the Kratzer and the modified Kratzer potentials within the framework of the exact quantization rule (EQR) method. The exact energy levels $(E_{nl})$ of all the bound-states are easily calculated from this EQR method. The corresponding normalized hyperradial wave functions $% (psi_{nl}(r))$ are also calculated. The exact energy eigenvalues for these Kratzer-type potentials are calculated numerically for the typical diatomic molecules $LiH,$ $CH,$ $HCl,$ $CO,$ $NO,$ $O_{2},$ $N_{2}$ and $I_{2}$ for various values of $n$ and $l$ quantum numbers. Numerical tests using the energy calculations for the interdimensional degeneracy ($D=2-4$) for $I_{2}, $ $LiH,$ $HCl,$ $O_{2},$ $NO$ and $CO$ are also given. Our results obtained by EQR are in exact agreement with those obtained by other methods.
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