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Register a new userFormation and Characteristics of Filament Threads in Double-Dipped Magnetic Flux Tubes
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As one of the main formation mechanisms of solar filament formation, the chromospheric evaporation-coronal condensation model has been confirmed by numerical simulations to explain the formation of filament threads very well in flux tubes with single dips. However, coronal magnetic extrapolations indicated that some magnetic field lines might possess more than one dip. It is expected that the formation process would be significantly different in this case compared to a single-dipped magnetic flux tube. In this paper, based on the evaporation-condensation model, we study filament thread formation in double-dipped magnetic flux tubes by numerical simulations. We find that only with particular combinations of magnetic configuration and heating, e.g., concentrated localized heating and a long magnetic flux tube with deep dips, can two threads form and persist in a double-dipped magnetic flux tube. Comparing our parametric survey with observations, we conclude that such magnetically connected threads due to multiple dips are more likely to exist in quiescent filaments than in active-region filaments. Moreover, we find that these threads are usually shorter than independently trapped threads, which might be one of the reasons why quiescent filaments have short threads. These characteristics of magnetically connected threads could also explain barbs and vertical threads in quiescent filaments.
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From recent high resolution observations obtained with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope in La Palma, we detect swaying motions of individual filament threads in the plane of the sky. The oscillatory character of these motions are comparable with oscillatory Doppler signals obtained from corresponding filament threads. Simultaneous recordings of motions in the line of sight and in the plane of the sky give information about the orientation of the oscillatory plane. These oscillations are interpreted in the context of the magnetohydrodynamic theory. Kink magnetohydrodynamic waves supported by the thread body are proposed as an explanation of the observed thread oscillations. On the basis of this interpretation and by means of seismological arguments, we give an estimation of the thread Alfven speed and magnetic field strength by means of seismological arguments.
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Magnetic flux tubes in the solar wind can be twisted as they are transported from the solar surface, where the tubes are twisted owing to photospheric motions. It is suggested that the twisted magnetic tubes can be detected as the variation of total (thermal+magnetic) pressure during their passage through observing satellite. We show that the total pressure of several observed twisted tubes resembles the theoretically expected profile. The twist of isolated magnetic tube may explain the observed abrupt changes of magnetic field direction at tube walls. We have also found some evidence that the flux tube walls can be associated with local heating of the plasma and elevated proton and electron temperatures. For the tubes aligned with the Parker spiral, the twist angle can be estimated from the change of magnetic field direction. Stability analysis of twisted tubes shows that the critical twist angle of the tube with a homogeneous twist is 70$^0$, but the angle can further decrease owing to the motion of the tube with regards to the solar wind stream. The tubes with a stronger twist are unstable to the kink instability, therefore they probably can not reach 1 AU.
Coronal jets are always produced by magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and pre-existing overlying magnetic fields. When the overlying field is vertical/obilique or horizontal, the coronal jet will appear as anemone type or two-sided-loop type. Most of observational jets are of the anemone type, and only a few of two-sided-loop jets have been reported. Using the high-quality data from New Vacuum Solar Telescope, Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, and Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present an example of two-sided-loop jets simultaneously observed in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. The continuous emergence of magnetic flux brought in successively emerging of coronal loops and the slowly rising of an overlying horizontal filament threads. Sequentially, there appeared the deformation of the loops, the plasmoids ejection from the loop top, and pairs of loop brightenings and jet moving along the untwisting filament threads. All the observational results indicate there exist magnetic reconnection between the emerging loops and overlying horizontal filament threads, and it is the first example of two-sided-loop jets associated with ejected plasmoids and twisted overlying fields.
Most 1d hydrodynamic models of plasma confined to magnetic flux tubes assume circular cross-section of these tubes. We use potential field models to show that flux tubes in circumstances relevant to the solar corona do not in general maintain the same cross-sectional shape through their length and therefore the assumption of a circular cross-section is rarely true. We support our hypothesis with mathematical reasoning and numeric experiments. We demonstrate that lifting this assumption in realistic non-circular loops make apparent expansion of magnetic flux tubes consistent with that of observed coronal loops. We propose that in a bundle of ribbon-like loops those that are viewed along the wide direction would stand out against those that are viewed across the wide direction, due to the difference in their column depths. That would impose a bias towards selecting loops that appear not to be expanding seen projected in the plane of sky. An implication of this selection bias is that the preferentially selected non-circular loops would appear to have increased pressure scale height even if they are resolved by current instruments.
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