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Register a new userCPT test with (anti-)proton magnetic moments based on quantum logic cooling and readout
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Added by
Christian Ospelkaus
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Dehmelt and VanDycks famous 1987 measurement of the electron and positron g-factor is still the most precise g-factor comparison in the lepton sector, and a sensitive test of possible CPT violation. A complementary g-factor comparison between the proton and the antiproton is highly desirable to test CPT symmetry in the baryon sector. Current experiments, based on Dehmelts continuous Stern-Gerlach effect and the double Penning-trap technique, are making rapid progress. They are, however, extremely difficult to carry out because ground state cooling using cryogenic techniques is virtually impossible for heavy baryons, and because the continous Stern-Gerlach effect scales as $mu$/m, where m is the mass of the particle and $mu$ its magnetic moment. Both difficulties will ultimately limit the accuracy. We discuss experimental prospects of realizing an alternative approach to a g-factor comparison with single (anti)protons, based on quantum logic techniques proposed by Heinzen and Wineland and by Wineland et al. The basic idea is to cool, control and measure single (anti-)protons through interaction with a well-controlled atomic ion.
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We discuss laser-based and quantum logic inspired cooling and detection methods amenable to single (anti-)protons. These would be applicable e.g. in a g-factor based test of CPT invariance as currently pursued within the BASE collaboration. Towards this end, we explore sympathetic cooling of single (anti-)protons with atomic ions as suggested by Heinzen and Wineland (1990).
Current experimental efforts to test the fundamental CPT symmetry with single (anti-)protons are progressing at a rapid pace but are hurt by the nonzero temperature of particles and the difficulty of spin state detection. We describe a laser-based and quantum logic inspired approach to single (anti-)proton cooling and state detection.
Cosmological observations as well as theoretical approaches to physics beyond the Standard Model provide strong motivations for experimental tests of fundamental symmetries, such as CPT invariance. In this context, the availability of cold baryonic antimatter at CERN has opened an avenue for ultrahigh-precision comparisons of protons and antiprotons in Penning traps. This work discusses an experimental method inspired by quantum logic techniques that will improve particle localization and readout speed in such experiments. The method allows for sympathetic cooling of the (anti-)proton to its quantum-mechanical ground state as well as the readout of its spin alignment, replacing the commonly used continuous Stern-Gerlach effect. Both of these features are achieved through coupling to a laser-cooled `logic ion co-trapped in a double-well potential. This technique will boost the measurement sampling rate and will thus provide results with lower statistical uncertainty, contributing to stringent searches for time dependent variations in the data. Such measurements ultimately yield extremely high sensitivities to CPT violating coefficients acting on baryons in the Standard-Model Extension, will allow the exploration of previously unmeasured types of symmetry violations, and will enable antimatter-based axion-like dark matter searches with improved mass resolution.
Entanglement is one of the most fundamental properties of quantum mechanics, and is the key resource for quantum information processing. Bipartite entangled states of identical particles have been generated and studied in several experiments, and post-selected or heralded entangled states involving pairs of photons, single photons and single atoms, or different nuclei in the solid state, have also been produced. Here, we use a deterministic quantum logic gate to generate a hybrid entangled state of two trapped-ion qubits held in different isotopes of calcium, perform full tomography of the state produced, and make a test of Bells inequality with non-identical atoms. We use a laser-driven two-qubit gate, whose mechanism is insensitive to the qubits energy splittings, to produce a maximally-entangled state of one Ca-40 qubit and one Ca-43 qubit, held 3.5 microns apart in the same ion trap, with 99.8(6)% fidelity. We test the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) version of Bells inequality for this novel entangled state and find that it is violated by 15 standard deviations; in this test, we close the detection loophole but not the locality loophole. Mixed-species quantum logic is a powerful technique for the construction of a quantum computer based on trapped ions, as it allows protection of memory qubits while other qubits undergo logic operations, or are used as photonic interfaces to other processing units. The entangling gate mechanism used here can also be applied to qubits stored in different atomic elements; this would allow both memory and logic gate errors due to photon scattering to be reduced below the levels required for fault-tolerant quantum error correction, which is an essential pre-requisite for general-purpose quantum computing.
Oscillating magnetic fields and field gradients can be used to implement single-qubit rotations and entangling multi-qubit quantum gates for trapped-ion quantum information processing (QIP). With fields generated by currents in microfabricated surface-electrode traps, it should be possible to achieve gate speeds that are comparable to those of optically induced gates for realistic distances between the ion crystal and the electrode surface. Magnetic-field-mediated gates have the potential to significantly reduce the overhead in laser beam control and motional state initialization compared to current QIP experiments with trapped ions and will eliminate spontaneous scattering, a fundamental source of decoherence in laser-mediated gates.
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