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Register a new userCryogenic Penning-Trap Apparatus for Precision Experiments with Sympathetically Cooled (anti)protons
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Added by
Christian Ospelkaus
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Current precision experiments with single (anti)protons to test CPT symmetry progress at a rapid pace, but are complicated by the need to cool particles to sub-thermal energies. We describe a cryogenic Penning-trap setup for $^9$Be$^+$ ions designed to allow coupling of single (anti)protons to laser-cooled atomic ions for sympathetic cooling and quantum logic spectroscopy. We report on trapping and laser cooling of clouds and single $^9$Be$^+$ ions. We discuss prospects for a microfabricated trap to allow coupling of single (anti)protons to laser-cooled $^9$Be$^+$ ions for sympathetic laser cooling to sub-mK temperatures on ms time scales.
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Static magnetic field gradients superimposed on the electromagnetic trapping potential of a Penning trap can be used to implement laser-less spin-motion couplings that allow the realization of elementary quantum logic operations in the radio-frequency regime. An important scenario of practical interest is the application to $g$-factor measurements with single (anti-)protons to test the fundamental charge, parity, time reversal (CPT) invariance as pursued in the BASE collaboration [Smorra et al., Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 224, 3055-3108 (2015), Smorra et al., Nature 550, 371-374 (2017), Schneider et al., Science 358, 1081-1084 (2017)]. We discuss the classical and quantum behavior of a charged particle in a Penning trap with a superimposed magnetic field gradient. Using analytic and numerical calculations, we find that it is possible to carry out a SWAP gate between the spin and the motional qubit of a single (anti-)proton with high fidelity, provided the particle has been initialized in the motional ground state. We discuss the implications of our findings for the realization of quantum logic spectroscopy in this system.
We report on the first detailed study of motional heating in a cryogenic Penning trap using a single antiproton. Employing the continuous Stern-Gerlach effect we observe cyclotron quantum transition rates of 6(1) quanta/h and an electric field noise spectral density below $7.5(3.4)times 10^{-20},text{V}^{2}text{m}^{-2} text{Hz}^{-1}$, which corresponds to a scaled noise spectral density below $8.8(4.0)times 10^{-12},text{V}^{2}text{m}^{-2}$, results which are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those reported by other ion trap experiments.
This paper reports the direct temperature determination of sympathetically cooled 113Cd+ ions with laser-cooled 24Mg+ in a linear Paul trap. The sympathetically cooled ion species distribute in the outer shell of the large ensembles, which contain up to 3.3E5 ions. With optimized parameters, the minimum temperature of the sympathetically cooled 113Cd+ ions was measured to be tens of mK. These results indicate promising performance for microwave atomic clocks. The second order Doppler frequency shift is two orders of magnitudes lower and the Dick effect is suppressed.
The technique of Penning trap mass spectrometry is briefly reviewed particularly in view of precision experiments on unstable nuclei, performed at different facilities worldwide. Selected examples of recent results emphasize the importance of high-precision mass measurements in various fields of physics.
We present a versatile and compact electron beam driven source for alkali metal atoms, which can be implemented in cryostats. With a heat load of less than 10mW, the heat dissipation normalized to the atoms loaded into the magneto-optical Trap (MOT), is about a factor 1000 smaller than for a typical alkali metal dispenser. The measured linear scaling of the MOT loading rate with electron current observed in the experiments, indicates that electron stimulated desorption is the corresponding mechanism to release the atoms.
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