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Register a new userDPEx-II: A New Dusty Plasma Device Capable of Producing Large Sized DC Coulomb Crystals
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Added by
Pintu Bandyopadhyay Dr.
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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The creation of a spatially extended stable DC complex plasma crystal is a big experimental challenge and a topical area of research in the field of dusty plasmas. In this paper we describe a newly built and commissioned dusty plasma experimental device, DPEx-II, at the Institute for Plasma Research. The device can support the formation of large sized Coulomb crystals in a DC glow discharge plasma. The plasma in this L-shaped table-top glass chamber is produced between a circular anode and a long tray shaped cathode. It is characterized with the help of various electrostatic probes over a range of discharge conditions. The dust particles are introduced by a dust dispenser to form a strongly coupled Coulomb crystal in the cathode sheath region. The unique asymmetric electrode configuration minimizes the heating of dust particles and facilitates the formation of crystalline structures with a maximum achievable dimension of 40~cm X 15~cm using this device. A larger crystal has numerous advantages over smaller ones, such as higher structural homogeneity, fewer defects, lower statistical errors due to finite size effects etc.. A host of diagnostics tools are provided to characterize the Coulomb crystal. Results of a few initial experiments aimed at demonstrating the technical capabilities of the device and its potential for future dusty plasma research, are reported.
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Numerical simulation of plasma turbulence in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) [Gekelman et al, Rev. Sci. Inst., 62, 2875, 1991] is presented. The model, implemented in the BOUndary Turbulence (BOUT) code [M. Umansky et al, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 180, 887 (2009)], includes 3-D collisional fluid equations for plasma density, electron parallel momentum, and current continuity, and also includes the effects of ion-neutral collisions. In nonlinear simulations using measured LAPD density profiles but assuming constant temperature profile for simplicity, self-consistent evolution of instabilities and nonlinearly-generated zonal flows results in a saturated turbulent state. Comparisons of these simulations with measurements in LAPD plasmas reveal good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement, in particular in frequency spectrum, spatial correlation and amplitude probability distribution function of density fluctuations. For comparison with LAPD measurements, the plasma density profile in simulations is maintained either by direct azimuthal averaging on each time step, or by adding particle source/sink function. The inferred source/sink values are consistent with the estimated ionization source and parallel losses in LAPD. These simulations lay the groundwork for more a comprehensive effort to test fluid turbulence simulation against LAPD data.
Several simulations of turbulence in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) [W. Gekelman et al., Rev. Sci. Inst. 62, 2875 (1991)] are energetically analyzed and compared with each other and with the experiment. The simulations use the same model, but different axial boundary conditions. They employ either periodic, zero-value, zero-derivative, or sheath axial boundaries. The linear stability physics is different between the scenarios because the various boundary conditions allow the drift wave instability to access different axial structures, and the sheath boundary simulation contains a conducting wall mode instability which is just as unstable as the drift waves. Nevertheless, the turbulence in all the simulations is relatively similar because it is primarily driven by a robust nonlinear instability that is the same for all cases. The nonlinear instability preferentially drives $k_parallel = 0$ potential energy fluctuations, which then three-wave couple to $k_parallel e 0$ potential energy fluctuations in order to access the adiabatic response to transfer their energy to kinetic energy fluctuations. The turbulence self-organizes to drive this nonlinear instability, which destroys the linear eigenmode structures, making the linear instabilities ineffective.
We present two-dimensional hybrid kinetic/magnetohydrodynamic simulations of planned laser-ablation experiments in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD). Our results, based on parameters which have been validated in previous experiments, show that a parallel collisionless shock can begin forming within the available space. Carbon-debris ions that stream along the magnetic-field direction with a blow-off speed of four times the Alfven velocity excite strong magnetic fluctuations, eventually transfering part of their kinetic energy to the surrounding hydrogen ions. This acceleration and compression of the background plasma creates a shock front, which satisfies the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and can therefore propagate on its own. Furthermore, we analyze the upstream turbulence and show that it is dominated by the right-hand resonant instability.
One-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional strongly-coupled dusty plasma rings have been created experimentally. Longitudinal (acoustic) and transverse (optical) dispersion relations for the 1-ring were measured and found to be in very good agreement with the theory for an unbounded straight chain of particles interacting through a Yukawa (i.e., screened Coulomb or Debye-Huckel) potential. These rings provide a new system in which to study one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional physics.
A model for the condensation of a dusty plasma is constructed by considering the spherical shielding layers surrounding a dust grain test particle. The collisionless region less than a collision mean free path from the test particle is shown to separate into three concentric layers, each having distinct physics. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is invoked at the interfaces between these layers and provides equations which determine the radii of the interfaces. Despite being much smaller than the Wigner-Seitz radius, the dust Debye length is found to be physically significant because it gives the scale length of a precipitous cut-off of the shielded electrostatic potential at the interface between the second and third layers. Condensation is predicted to occur when the ratio of this cut-off radius to the Wigner-Seitz radius exceeds unity and this prediction is shown to be in good agreement with experiments.
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