Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userExcitations and ergodicity of critical quantum spin chains from non-equilibrium classical dynamics
123
0
0.0
(
0
)
Added by
William Witczak-Krempa
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
We study a quantum spin-1/2 chain that is dual to the canonical problem of non-equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics of a classical Ising chain coupled to a thermal bath. The Hamiltonian is obtained for the general disordered case with non-uniform Ising couplings. The quantum spin chain (dubbed Ising-Kawasaki) is stoquastic, and depends on the Ising couplings normalized by the baths temperature. We give its exact ground states. Proceeding with uniform couplings, we study the one- and two-magnon excitations. Solutions for the latter are derived via a Bethe Ansatz scheme. In the antiferromagnetic regime, the two-magnon branch states show intricate behavior, especially regarding their hybridization with the continuum. We find that that the gapless chain hosts multiple dynamics at low energy as seen through the presence of multiple dynamical critical exponents. Finally, we analyze the full energy level spacing distribution as a function of the Ising coupling. We conclude that the system is non-integrable for generic parameters, or equivalently, that the corresponding non-equilibrium classical dynamics are ergodic.
rate research
Read More
Confinement of excitations induces quasilocalized dynamics in disorder-free isolated quantum many-body systems in one spatial dimension. This occurrence is signalled by severe suppression of quantum correlation spreading and of entanglement growth, long-time persistence of spatial inhomogeneities, and long-lived coherent oscillations of local observables. In this work, we present a unified understanding of these dramatic effects. The slow dynamical behavior is shown to be related to the Schwinger effect in quantum electrodynamics. We demonstrate that it is quantitatively captured for long time scales by effective Hamiltonians exhibiting Stark localization of excitations and weak growth of the entanglement entropy for arbitrary coupling strength. This analysis explains the phenomenology of real-time string dynamics investigated in a number of lattice gauge theories, as well as the anomalous dynamics observed in quantum Ising chains after quenches. Our findings establish confinement as a robust mechanism for hindering the approach to equilibrium in translationally-invariant quantum statistical systems with local interactions.
We numerically analyse the behavior of the full distribution of collective observables in quantum spin chains. While most of previous studies of quantum critical phenomena are limited to the first moments, here we demonstrate how quantum fluctuations at criticality lead to highly non-Gaussian distributions thus violating the central limit theorem. Interestingly, we show that the distributions for different system sizes collapse after scaling on the same curve for a wide range of transitions: first and second order quantum transitions and transitions of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type. We propose and carefully analyse the feasibility of an experimental reconstruction of the distribution using light-matter interfaces for atoms in optical lattices or in optical resonators.
We employ an adaptation of a strong-disorder renormalization-group technique in order to analyze the ferro-paramagnetic quantum phase transition of Ising chains with aperiodic but deterministic couplings under the action of a transverse field. In the presence of marginal or relevant geometric fluctuations induced by aperiodicity, for which the critical behavior is expected to depart from the Onsager universality class, we derive analytical and asymptotically exact expressions for various critical exponents (including the correlation-length and the magnetization exponents, which are not easily obtainable by other methods), and shed light onto the nature of the ground state structures in the neighborhood of the critical point. The main results obtained by this approach are confirmed by finite-size scaling analyses of numerical calculations based on the free-fermion method.
The quantum dynamics of interacting many-body systems has become a unique venue for the realization of novel states of matter. Here we unveil a new class of nonequilibrium states that are eigenstates of an emergent local Hamiltonian. The latter is explicitly time dependent and, even though it does not commute with the physical Hamiltonian, it behaves as a conserved quantity of the time-evolving system. We discuss two examples in which the emergent eigenstate solution can be applied for an extensive (in system size) time: transport in one-dimensional lattices with initial particle (or spin) imbalance, and sudden expansion of quantum gases in optical lattices. We focus on noninteracting spinless fermions, hard-core bosons, and the Heisenberg model. We show that current-carrying states can be ground states of emergent local Hamiltonians, and that they can exhibit a quasimomentum distribution function that is peaked at nonzero (and tunable) quasimomentum. We also show that time-evolving states can be highly-excited eigenstates of emergent local Hamiltonians, with an entanglement entropy that does not exhibit volume-law scaling.
Models for non-unitary quantum dynamics, such as quantum circuits that include projective measurements, have been shown to exhibit rich quantum critical behavior. There are many complementary perspectives on this behavior. For example, there is a known correspondence between d-dimensional local non-unitary quantum circuits and tensor networks on a D=(d+1)-dimensional lattice. Here, we show that in the case of systems of non-interacting fermions, there is furthermore a full correspondence between non-unitary circuits in d spatial dimensions and unitary non-interacting fermion problems with static Hermitian Hamiltonians in D=(d+1) spatial dimensions. This provides a powerful new perspective for understanding entanglement phases and critical behavior exhibited by non-interacting circuits. Classifying the symmetries of the corresponding non-interacting Hamiltonian, we show that a large class of random circuits, including the most generic circuits with randomness in space and time, are in correspondence with Hamiltonians with static spatial disorder in the ten Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes. We find the criticality that is known to occur in all of these classes to be the origin of the critical entanglement properties of the corresponding random non-unitary circuit. To exemplify this, we numerically study the quantum states at the boundary of Haar-random Gaussian fermionic tensor networks of dimension D=2 and D=3. We show that the most general such tensor network ensemble corresponds to a unitary problem of non-interacting fermions with static disorder in Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry class DIII, which for both D=2 and D=3 is known to exhibit a stable critical metallic phase. Tensor networks and corresponding random non-unitary circuits in the other nine Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes can be obtained from the DIII case by implementing Clifford algebra extensions for classifying spaces.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
