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Register a new userThe HIBEAM/NNBAR Calorimeter Prototype
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The HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment is a free-neutron search for $n rightarrow$ sterile $n$ and $n rightarrow bar{n}$ oscillations planned to be installed at the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden. A key component in the experiment is the detector to identify $n-bar{n}$ annihilation events, which will produce on average four pions with a final state invariant mass of two nucleons, around $1.9,$GeV. The beamline and experiment are shielded from magnetic fields which would suppress $n rightarrow bar{n}$ transitions, thus no momentum measurement will be possible. Additionally, calorimetry for particles with kinetic energies below $600,$MeV is challenging, as traditional sampling calorimeters used in HEP would suffer from poor shower statistics. A design study is underway to use a novel approach of a hadronic range measurement in multiple plastic scintillator layers, followed by EM calorimetery with lead glass. A prototype calorimeter system is being built, and will eventually be installed at an ESS test beam line for textit{in situ} neutron background studies.
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The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source focusing on searches for baryon number violation via processes in which neutrons convert to antineutrons. This paper outlines the computing and detector simulation framework for the HIBEAM/NNBAR program. The simulation is based on predictions of neutron flux and neutronics together with signal and background generation. A range of diverse simulation packages are incorporated, including Monte Carlo transport codes, neutron ray-tracing simulation packages, and detector simulation software. The common simulation package in which these elements are interfaced together is discussed. Data management plans and triggers are also described.
The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) developed by the CALICE collaboration is a scalable engineering prototype for a Linear Collider detector. It is a sampling calorimeter of steel absorber plates and plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material (SiPM-on-tile). The front-end chips are integrated into the active layers of the calorimeter and are designed for minimizing power consumption by rapidly cycling the power according to the beam structure of a linear accelerator. 38 layers of the sampling structure are equipped with cassettes containing 576 single channels each, arranged on readout boards and grouped according to the 36 channel readout chips. The prototype has been assembled using techniques suitable for mass production, such as injection-moulding and semi-automatic wrapping of scintillator tiles, assembly of scintillators on electronics using pick-and-place machines and mass testing of detector elements. The calorimeter was commissioned at DESY and was taking data at the CERN SPS at the time of the conference. The contribution discusses the construction, commissioning and first test beam results of the CALICE AHCAL engineering prototype.
An analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) prototype of 5.3 nuclear interaction lengths thickness has been constructed by members of the CALICE Collaboration. The AHCAL prototype consists of a 38-layer sandwich structure of steel plates and highly-segmented scintillator tiles that are read out by wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to SiPMs. The signal is amplified and shaped with a custom-designed ASIC. A calibration/monitoring system based on LED light was developed to monitor the SiPM gain and to measure the full SiPM response curve in order to correct for non-linearity. Ultimately, the physics goals are the study of hadron shower shapes and testing the concept of particle flow. The technical goal consists of measuring the performance and reliability of 7608 SiPMs. The AHCAL was commissioned in test beams at DESY and CERN. The entire prototype was completed in 2007 and recorded hadron showers, electron showers and muons at different energies and incident angles in test beams at CERN and Fermilab.
A basic prototype for an analog hadron calorimeter for a future linear collider detector is currently being realized by the CALICE collaboration. The aim is to show the feasibility to build a realistic detector with fully integrated readout electronics. An important aspect of the design is the improvement of the jet energy resolution by measuring details of the shower development with a highly granular device and combining them with the information from the tracking detectors. Therefore, the signals are sampled by small scintillating tiles that are read out by silicon photomultipliers. The ASICs are integrated into the calorimeter layers and are developed for minimal power dissipation. An embedded LED system per channel is used for calibration. The prototype has been tested extensively and the concept as well as results from the DESY test setups are reported here.
We report on the performance of a monitoring system for a prototype calorimeter for the BTeV experiment that uses Lead Tungstate crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes. The tests were carried out at the 70 GeV accelerator complex at Protvino, Russia.
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