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Orders and Polytropes: Matrix Algebras from Valuations

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 Added by Marvin Anas Hahn
 Publication date 2021
  fields
and research's language is English




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We apply tropical geometry to study matrix algebras over a field with valuation. Using the shapes of min-max convexity, known as polytropes, we revisit the graduated orders introduced by Plesken and Zassenhaus. These are classified by the polytrope region. We advance the ideal theory of graduated orders by introducing their ideal class polytropes. This article emphasizes examples and computations. It offers first steps in the geometric combinatorics of endomorphism rings of configurations in affine buildings.



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The question of embedding fields into central simple algebras $B$ over a number field $K$ was the realm of class field theory. The subject of embedding orders contained in the ring of integers of maximal subfields $L$ of such an algebra into orders in that algebra is more nuanced. The first such result along those lines is an elegant result of Chevalley cite{Chevalley-book} which says that with $B = M_n(K)$ the ratio of the number of isomorphism classes of maximal orders in $B$ into which the ring of integers of $L$ can be embedded (to the total number of classes) is $[L cap widetilde K : K]^{-1}$ where $widetilde K$ is the Hilbert class field of $K$. Chinburg and Friedman (cite{Chinburg-Friedman}) consider arbitrary quadratic orders in quaternion algebras satisfying the Eichler condition, and Arenas-Carmona cite{Arenas-Carmona} considers embeddings of the ring of integers into maximal orders in a broad class of higher rank central simple algebras. In this paper, we consider central simple algebras of dimension $p^2$, $p$ an odd prime, and we show that arbitrary commutative orders in a degree $p$ extension of $K$, embed into none, all or exactly one out of $p$ isomorphism classes of maximal orders. Those commutative orders which are selective in this sense are explicitly characterized; class fields play a pivotal role. A crucial ingredient of Chinberg and Friedmans argument was the structure of the tree of maximal orders for $SL_2$ over a local field. In this work, we generalize Chinburg and Friedmans results replacing the tree by the Bruhat-Tits building for $SL_p$.
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