No Arabic abstract
An square matrix is $k$-Toeplitz if its diagonals are periodic sequences of period $k$. We find rational formulas for the determinant, the characteristic polynomial, and the elements of the inverse of a tridiagonal $k$-Toeplitz matrix (in particular, of any tridiagonal matrix) over any commutative unital ring, using only elementary linear algebra.
Let $R$ be the associative $k$-algebra generated by two elements $x$ and $y$ with defining relation $yx=1$. A complete description of simple modules over $R$ is obtained by using the results of Irving and Gerritzen. We examine the short exact sequence $0rightarrow Urightarrow E rightarrow Vrightarrow 0$, where $U$ and $V$ are simple $R$-modules. It shows that nonsplit extension only occurs when both $U$ and $V$ are one-dimensional, or, under certain condition, $U$ is infinite-dimensional and $V$ is one-dimensional.
The sensitivity of eigenvalues of structured matrices under general or structured perturbations of the matrix entries has been thoroughly studied in the literature. Error bounds are available and the pseudospectrum can be computed to gain insight. Few investigations have focused on analyzing the sensitivity of eigenvectors under general or structured perturbations. The present paper discusses this sensitivity for tridiagonal Toeplitz and Toeplitz-type matrices.
Let A denote the ring of differential operators on the affine line with its two usual generators t and d/dt given degrees +1 and -1 respectively. Let X be the stack having coarse moduli space the affine line Spec k[z] and isotropy groups Z/2 at each integer point. Then the category of graded A-modules is equivalent to the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on X. Version 2: corrected typos and deleted appendix at referees suggestion.
Let $Bbbk$ be a field and let $I$ be a monomial ideal in the polynomial ring $Q=Bbbk[x_1,ldots,x_n]$. In her thesis, Taylor introduced a complex which provides a finite free resolution for $Q/I$ as a $Q$-module. Later, Gemeda constructed a differential graded structure on the Taylor resolution. More recently, Avramov showed that this differential graded algebra admits divided powers. We generalize each of these results to monomial ideals in a skew polynomial ring $R$. Under the hypothesis that the skew commuting parameters defining $R$ are roots of unity, we prove as an application that as $I$ varies among all ideals generated by a fixed number of monomials of degree at least two in $R$, there is only a finite number of possibilities for the Poincar{e} series of $Bbbk$ over $R/I$ and for the isomorphism classes of the homotopy Lie algebra of $R/I$ in cohomological degree larger or equal to two.
Recently, by A. Elduque and A. Labra a new technique and a type of an evolution algebra are introduced. Several nilpotent evolution algebras defined in terms of bilinear forms and symmetric endomorphisms are constructed. The technique then used for the classification of the nilpotent evolution algebras up to dimension five. In this paper we develop this technique for high dimensional evolution algebras. We construct nilpotent evolution algebras of any type. Moreover, we show that, except the cases considered by Elduque and Labra, this construction of nilpotent evolution algebras does not give all possible nilpotent evolution algebras.