Unconventional superconductivity is commonly linked to electronic pairing mechanisms, since it is believed that the conventional electron-phonon interaction (EPI) cannot cause sign-changing superconducting gap symmetries. Here, we show that this common understanding needs to be revised when one considers a more elaborate theory of electron-phonon superconductivity beyond standard approximations. We selfconsistently solve the full-bandwidth, anisotropic Eliashberg equations including vertex corrections beyond Migdals approximation assuming the usual isotropic EPI for cuprate, Fe-based and heavy-fermion superconductors with nested Fermi surfaces. In case of the high-$T_c$ cuprates we find a $d$-wave order parameter, as well as a nematic state upon increased doping. For Fe-based superconductors, we obtain $s_{pm}$ gap symmetry, while for heavy-fermion CeCoIn$_5$ we find unconventional $d$-wave pairing. These results provide a proof-of-concept that EPI cannot be excluded as a mediator of unconventional and of high-$T_c$ superconductivity.
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