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In 1972, Chvatal gave a well-known sufficient condition for a graphical sequence to be forcibly hamiltonian, and showed that in some sense his condition is best possible. Nash-Williams gave examples of forcibly hamiltonian n-sequences that do not satisfy Chvatlas condition for every n at least 5. In this note we generalize the Nash-Williams examples, and use this generalization to generate Omega(2^n/n^.5) forcibly hamiltonian n-sequences that do not satisfy Chvatals condition
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In this paper we introduce and study the class of d-ball packings arising from edge-scribable polytopes. We are able to generalize Apollonian disk packings and the well-known Descartes theorem in different settings and in higher dimensions. After introducing the notion of Lorentzian curvature of a polytope we present an analogue of the Descartes theorem for all regular polytopes in any dimension. The latter yields to nice curvature relations which we use to construct integral Apollonian packings based on the Platonic solids. We show that there are integral Apollonian packings based on the tetrahedra, cube and dodecahedra containing the sequences of perfect squares. We also study the duality, unicity under Mobius transformations as well as generalizations of the Apollonian groups. We show that these groups are hyperbolic Coxeter groups admitting an explicit matrix representation. An unexpected invariant, that we call Mobius spectra, associated to Mobius unique polytopes is also discussed.
Let $n$ be a positive integer. In 1915, Theisinger proved that if $nge 2$, then the $n$-th harmonic sum $sum_{k=1}^nfrac{1}{k}$ is not an integer. Let $a$ and $b$ be positive integers. In 1923, Nagell extended Theisingers theorem by showing that the reciprocal sum $sum_{k=1}^{n}frac{1}{a+(k-1)b}$ is not an integer if $nge 2$. In 1946, ErdH{o}s and Niven proved a theorem of a similar nature that states that there is only a finite number of integers $n$ for which one or more of the elementary symmetric functions of $1,1/2, ..., 1/n$ is an integer. In this paper, we present a generalization of Nagells theorem. In fact, we show that for arbitrary $n$ positive integers $s_1, ..., s_n$ (not necessarily distinct and not necessarily monotonic), the following reciprocal power sum $$sumlimits_{k=1}^{n}frac{1}{(a+(k-1)b)^{s_{k}}}$$ is never an integer if $nge 2$. The proof of our result is analytic and $p$-adic in character.
Caratheodory showed that $n$ complex numbers $c_1,...,c_n$ can uniquely be written in the form $c_p=sum_{j=1}^m rho_j {epsilon_j}^p$ with $p=1,...,n$, where the $epsilon_j$s are different unimodular complex numbers, the $rho_j$s are strictly positive numbers and integer $m$ never exceeds $n$. We give the conditions to be obeyed for the former property to hold true if the $rho_j$s are simply required to be real and different from zero. It turns out that the number of the possible choices of the signs of the $rho_j$s are {at most} equal to the number of the different eigenvalues of the Hermitian Toeplitz matrix whose $i,j$-th entry is $c_{j-i}$, where $c_{-p}$ is equal to the complex conjugate of $c_{p}$ and $c_{0}=0$. This generalization is relevant for neutron scattering. Its proof is made possible by a lemma - which is an interesting side result - that establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for the unimodularity of the roots of a polynomial based only on the polynomial coefficients. Keywords: Toeplitz matrix factorization, unimodular roots, neutron scattering, signal theory, inverse problems. PACS: 61.12.Bt, 02.30.Zz, 89.70.+c, 02.10.Yn, 02.50.Ga
In this paper, we will generalize the definition of partially random or complex reals, and then show the duality of random and complex, i.e., a generalized version of Levin-Schnorrs theorem. We also study randomness from the view point of arithmetic using the relativization to a complete $Pi^0_1$-class.
In this paper we first prove a version of $L^{2}$ existence theorem for line bundles equipped a singular Hermitian metrics. Aa an application, we establish a vanishing theorem which generalizes the classical Nadel vanishing theorem.
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