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Register a new userGradings on associative algebras with involution and real forms of classical simple Lie algebras
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We study gradings by abelian groups on associative algebras with involution over an arbitrary field. Of particular importance are the fine gradings (that is, those that do not admit a proper refinement), because any grading on a finite-dimensional algebra can be obtained from them via a group homomorphism (although not in a unique way). We classify up to equivalence the fine gradings on simple associative algebras with involution over the field of real numbers (or any real closed field) and, as a consequence, on the real forms of classical simple Lie algebras.
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For any abelian group $G$, we classify up to isomorphism all $G$-gradings on the classical central simple Lie algebras, except those of type $D_4$, over the field of real numbers (or any real closed field).
Known classification results allow us to find the number of (equivalence classes of) fine gradings on matrix algebras and on classical simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field $mathbb{F}$ (assuming $mathrm{char} mathbb{F} e 2$ in the Lie case). The computation is easy for matrix algebras and especially for simple Lie algebras of type $B_r$ (the answer is just $r+1$), but involves counting orbits of certain finite groups in the case of Series $A$, $C$ and $D$. For $Xin{A,C,D}$, we determine the exact number of fine gradings, $N_X(r)$, on the simple Lie algebras of type $X_r$ with $rle 100$ as well as the asymptotic behaviour of the average, $hat N_X(r)$, for large $r$. In particular, we prove that there exist positive constants $b$ and $c$ such that $exp(br^{2/3})lehat N_X(r)leexp(cr^{2/3})$. The analogous average for matrix algebras $M_n(mathbb{F})$ is proved to be $aln n+O(1)$ where $a$ is an explicit constant depending on $mathrm{char} mathbb{F}$.
We classify, up to isomorphism, all gradings by an arbitrary abelian group on simple finitary Lie algebras of linear transformations (special linear, orthogonal and symplectic) on infinite-dimensional vector spaces over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2.
It is known that there are Lie algebras with non-semigroup gradings, i.e. such that the binary operation on the grading set is not associative. We provide a similar example in the class of associative algebras.
We classify, up to isomorphism, gradings by abelian groups on nilpotent filiform Lie algebras of nonzero rank. In case of rank 0, we describe conditions to obtain non trivial $Z_k$-gradings.
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