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Register a new userLinearized propagation equations for metric fluctuations in a general (non-vacuum) background geometry
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The linearized dynamical equation for metric perturbations in a fully general, non-vacuum, background geometry is obtained from the Hamilton variational principle applied to the action up to second order. We specialize our results to the case of traceless and transverse metric fluctuations, and we discuss how the intrinsic properties of the matter stress tensor can affect (and modify) the process of gravity wave propagation even in most conventional geometric scenarios, like (for instance) those described by a FLRW metric background. We provide explicit examples for fluid, scalar field and electromagnetic field sources.
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We evaluate the one-graviton loop contribution to the vacuum polarization on de Sitter background in a 1-parameter family of exact, de Sitter invariant gauges. Our result is computed using dimensional regularization and fully renormalized with BPHZ counterterms, which must include a noninvariant owing to the time-ordered interactions. Because the graviton propagator engenders a physical breaking of de Sitter invariance two structure functions are needed to express the result. In addition to its relevance for the gauge issue this is the first time a covariant gauge graviton propagator has been used to compute a noncoincident loop. A number of identities are derived which should facilitate further graviton loop computations.
We study general dynamical equations describing homogeneous isotropic cosmologies coupled to a scalaron $psi$. For flat cosmologies ($k=0$), we analyze in detail the gauge-independent equation describing the differential, $chi(alpha)equivpsi^prime(alpha)$, of the map of the metric $alpha$ to the scalaron field $psi$, which is the main mathematical characteristic locally defining a `portrait of a cosmology in `$alpha$-version. In the `$psi$-version, a similar equation for the differential of the inverse map, $bar{chi}(psi)equiv chi^{-1}(alpha)$, can be solved asymptotically or for some `integrable scalaron potentials $v(psi)$. In the flat case, $bar{chi}(psi)$ and $chi(alpha)$ satisfy the first-order differential equations depending only on the logarithmic derivative of the potential. Once we know a general analytic solution for one of these $chi$-functions, we can explicitly derive all characteristics of the cosmological model. In the $alpha$-version, the whole dynamical system is integrable for $k eq 0$ and with any `$alpha$-potential, $bar{v}(alpha)equiv v[psi(alpha)]$, replacing $v(psi)$. There is no a priori relation between the two potentials before deriving $chi$ or $bar{chi}$, which implicitly depend on the potential itself, but relations between the two pictures can be found by asymptotic expansions or by inflationary perturbation theory. Explicit applications of the results to a more rigorous treatment of the chaotic inflation models and to their comparison with the ekpyrotic-bouncing ones are outlined in the frame of our `$alpha$-formulation of isotropic scalaron cosmologies. In particular, we establish an inflationary perturbation expansion for $chi$. When all the conditions for inflation are satisfied and $chi$ obeys a certain boundary (initial) condition, we get the standard inflationary parameters, with higher-order corrections.
We develop a non-perturbative formalism for scalar metric fluctuations from a 5D extended version of general relativity in vacuum. In this work we concentrate our efforts on calculations valid on large cosmological scales, which are the dominant during the inflationary phase of the universe. The resulting metric in this limit is obtained after implementing a planar coordinate transformation on a 5D Ricci-flat metric solution. We calculate the spectrum of these fluctuations with an effective 4D Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime on cosmological scales, which is obtained after we make a static foliation on the non-compact extra coordinate. Our results show how the squared metric fluctuations of the primordial universe become scale invariant with the inflationary expansion.
Theories of gravity other than general relativity (GR) can explain the observed cosmic acceleration without a cosmological constant. One such class of theories of gravity is f(R). Metric f(R) theories have been proven to be equivalent to Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor gravity without a kinetic term. Using this equivalence and a 3+1 decomposition of the theory it has been shown that metric f(R) gravity admits a well-posed initial value problem. However, it has not been proven that the 3+1 evolution equations of metric f(R) gravity preserve the (hamiltonian and momentum) constraints. In this paper we show that this is indeed the case. In addition, we show that the mathematical form of the constraint propagation equations in BD-equilavent f(R) gravity and in f(R) gravity in both the Jordan and Einstein frames, is exactly the same as in the standard ADM 3+1 decomposition of GR. Finally, we point out that current numerical relativity codes can incorporate the 3+1 evolution equations of metric f(R) gravity by modifying the stress-energy tensor and adding an additional scalar field evolution equation. We hope that this work will serve as a starting point for relativists to develop fully dynamical codes for valid f(R) models.
A profound quantum-gravitational effect of space-time dimension running with respect to the size of space-time region has been discovered a few years ago through the numerical simulations of lattice quantum gravity in the framework of causal dynamical triangulation [hep-th/0505113] as well as in renormalization group approach to quantum gravity [hep-th/0508202]. Unfortunately, along these approaches the interpretation and the physical meaning of the effective change of dimension at shorter scales is not clear. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we find that box-counting dimension in face of finite resolution of space-time (generally implied by quantum gravity) shows a simple way how both the qualitative and the quantitative features of this effect can be understood. Second, considering two most interesting cases of random and holographic fluctuations of the background space, we find that it is random fluctuations that gives running dimension resulting in modification of Newtons inverse square law in a perfect agreement with the modification coming from one-loop gravitational radiative corrections.
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