No Arabic abstract
The spectrally resolved differential cross section of Compton scattering, $d sigma / d omega vert_{omega = const}$, rises from small towards larger laser intensity parameter $xi$, reaches a maximum, and falls towards the asymptotic strong-field region. Expressed by invariant quantities: $d sigma /du vert_{u = const}$ rises from small towards larger values of $xi$, reaches a maximum at $xi_{max} = frac49 {cal K} u m^2 / k cdot p$, ${cal K} = {cal O} (1)$, and falls at $xi > xi_{max}$ like $propto xi^{-3/2} exp left (- frac{2 u m^2}{3 xi , k cdot p} right )$ at $u ge 1$. [The quantity $u$ is the Ritus variable related to the light-front momentum-fraction $s = (1 + u)/u = k cdot k / k cdot p$ of the emitted photon (four-momentum $k$, frequency $omega$), and $k cdot p/m^2$ quantifies the invariant energy in the entrance channel of electron (four-momentum $p$, mass $m$) and laser (four-wave vector $k$).] Such a behavior of a differential observable is to be contrasted with the laser intensity dependence of the total probability, $lim_{chi = xi k cdot p/m^2, xi to infty} mathbb{P} propto alpha chi^{2/3} m^2 / k cdot p$, which is governed by the soft spectral part. We combine the hard-photon yield from Compton with the seeded Breit-Wheeler pair production in a folding model and obtain a rapidly increasing $e^+ e^-$ pair number at $xi lesssim 4$. Laser bandwidth effects are quantified in the weak-field limit of the related trident pair production.
We discuss a two-fold extension of QED assuming the presence of strong external fields provided by an ultra-intense laser and noncommutativity of spacetime. While noncommutative effects leave the electrons intensity induced mass shift unchanged, the photons change significantly in character: they acquire a quasi-momentum that is no longer light-like. We study the consequences of this combined noncommutative strong-field effect for basic lepton-photon interactions.
We present experimental results for the ionization of aniline and benzene molecules subjected to intense ultrashort laser pulses. Measured parent molecular ions yields were obtained using a recently developed technique capable of three-dimensional imaging of ion distributions within the focus of a laser beam. By selecting ions originating from the central region of the focus, where the spatial intensity distribution is nearly uniform, volumetric-free intensity-dependent ionization yields were obtained. The measured data revealed a previously unseen resonant-like multiphoton ionization process. Comparison of benzene, aniline and Xe ion yields demonstrate that the observed intensity dependent structures are not due to geometric artifacts in the focus. Finally we attribute the ionization of aniline to a stepwise process going through the pi-sigma^star state which sits 3 photons above the ground state and 2 photons below the continuum.
The uncertainty of Compton backscattering process is studied by virtue of analytical formulas, and the special effects of variant energy spread and energy drift on the systematic uncertainty estimation are also studied with Monte Carlo sampling technique. These quantitative conclusions are especially important for the understanding the uncertainty of beam energy measurement system.
Scattering of ultraintense short laser pulses off relativistic electrons allows one to generate a large number of X- or $gamma$-ray photons with the expense of the spectral width---temporal pulsing of the laser inevitable leads to considerable spectral broadening. In this Letter, we describe a simple method to generate optimized laser pulses that compensate the nonlinear spectrum broadening, and can be thought of as a superposition of two oppositely linearly chirped pulses delayed with respect to each other. We develop a simple analytical model that allow us to predict the optimal parameters of such a two-pulse---the delay, amount of chirp and relative phase---for generation of a narrowband {gamma}-ray spectrum. Our predictions are confirmed by numerical optimization and simulations including 3D effects.
We present the first high resolution MHD simulation of cosmic-ray electron reacceleration by turbulence in cluster mergers. We use an idealised model for cluster mergers, combined with a numerical model for the injection, cooling and reacceleration of cosmic-ray electrons, to investigate the evolution of cluster scale radio emission in these objects. In line with theoretical expectations, we for the first time, show in a simulation that reacceleration of CRe has the potential to reproduce key observables of radio halos. In particular, we show that clusters evolve being radio loud or radio quiet, depending on their evolutionary stage during the merger. We thus recover the observed transient nature of radio halos. In the simulation the diffuse emission traces the complex interplay between spatial distribution of turbulence injected by the halo infall and the spatial distribution of the seed electrons to reaccelerate. During the formation and evolution of the halo the synchrotron emission spectra show the observed variety: from power-laws with spectral index of 1 to 1.3 to curved and ultra-steep spectra with index $> 1.5$.