Spatial statistics is an area of study devoted to the statistical analysis of data that have a spatial label associated with them. Geographers often refer to the location information associated with the attribute information, whose study defines a research area called spatial analysis. Many of the ways to manipulate spatial data are driven by algorithms with no uncertainty quantification associated with them. When a spatial analysis is statistical, that is, it incorporates uncertainty quantification, it falls in the research area called spatial statistics. The primary feature of spatial statistical models is that nearby attribute values are more statistically dependent than distant attribute values; this is a paraphrasing of what is sometimes called the First Law of Geography (Tobler, 1970).
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