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Register a new userThe hybrid radio/X-ray correlation of the black hole transient MAXI J1348-630
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Added by
Francesco Carotenuto
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Black hole low mass X-ray binaries in their hard spectral state are found to display two different correlations between the radio emission from the compact jets and the X-ray emission from the inner accretion flow. Here, we present a large data set of quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of the recently discovered accreting black hole MAXI J1348-630 during its 2019/2020 outburst. Our results span almost six orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity, allowing us to probe the accretion-ejection coupling from the brightest to the faintest phases of the outburst. We find that MAXI J1348-630 belongs to the growing population of outliers at the highest observed luminosities. Interestingly, MAXI J1348-630 deviates from the outlier track at $L_{rm X} lesssim 7 times 10^{35} (D / 2.2 {rm kpc})^2$ erg s$^{-1}$ and ultimately rejoins the standard track at $L_{rm X} simeq 10^{33} (D / 2.2 {rm kpc})^2$ erg s$^{-1}$, displaying a hybrid radio/X-ray correlation, observed only in a handful of sources. However, for MAXI J1348-630 these transitions happen at luminosities much lower than what observed for similar sources (at least an order of magnitude). We discuss the behaviour of MAXI J1348-630 in light of the currently proposed scenarios and we highlight the importance of future deep monitorings of hybrid correlation sources, especially close to the transitions and in the low luminosity regime.
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We studied the outburst evolution and timing properties of the recently discovered X-ray transient MAXI J1348-630 as observed with NICER. We produced the fundamental diagrams commonly used to trace the spectral evolution, and power density spectra to study the fast X-ray variability. The main outburst evolution of MAXI J1348-630 is similar to that commonly observed in black hole transients. The source evolved from the hard state, through hard- and soft-intermediate states, into the soft state in the outburst rise, and back to the hard state in reverse during the outburst decay. At the end of the outburst, MAXI J1348-630 underwent two reflares with peak fluxes ~1 and ~2 orders of magnitude fainter than the main outburst, respectively. During the reflares, the source remained in the hard state only, without undergoing any state transitions, which is similar to the so-called failed outbursts. Different types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed at different phases of the outburst. Based on our spectral-timing results, we conclude that MAXI J1348-630 is a black hole candidate.
We report the discovery of a giant dust scattering ring around the Black Hole transient MAXI J1348-630 with SRG/eROSITA during its first X-ray all-sky survey. During the discovery observation in February 2020 the ring had an outer diameter of 1.3 deg, growing to 1.6 deg by the time of the second all sky survey scan in August 2020. This makes the new dust ring the by far largest X-ray scattering ring observed so far. Dust scattering halos, in particular the rings found around transient sources, offer the possibility of precise distance measurements towards the original X-ray sources. We combine data from SRG/eROSITA, XMM-Newton, MAXI, and Gaia to measure the geometrical distance of MAXI J1348-630. The Gaia data place the scattering dust at a distance of 2050 pc, from the measured time lags and the geometry of the ring, we find MAXI J1348-630 at a distance of 3390 pc with a statistical uncertainty of only 1.1% and a systematic uncertainty of 10% caused mainly by the parallax offset of Gaia. This result makes MAXI J1348-630 one of the black hole transients with the best determined distances. The new distance leads to a revised mass estimate for the black hole of 11+-2 solar masses, the transition to the soft state during the outburst occurred when the bolometric luminosity of MAXI J1348-630 had reached 1.7% of its Eddington luminosity.
We present HI absorption spectra of the black hole candidate X-ray binary (XRB) MAXI J1348-630 using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and MeerKAT. The ASKAP HI spectrum shows a maximum negative radial velocity (with respect to the local standard of rest) of $-31pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for MAXI J1348-630, as compared to $-50pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for a stacked spectrum of several nearby extragalactic sources. This implies a most probable distance of $2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$ kpc for MAXI J1348-630, and a strong upper limit of the tangent point distance at $5.3pm0.1$ kpc. Our preferred distance implies that MAXI J1348-630 reached $17pm10$ % of the Eddington luminosity at the peak of its outburst, and that the source transited from the soft to the hard X-ray spectral state at $2.5pm1.5$ % of the Eddington luminosity. The MeerKAT HI spectrum of MAXI J1348-630 (obtained from the older, low-resolution 4k mode) is consistent with the re-binned ASKAP spectrum, highlighting the potential of the eventual capabilities of MeerKAT for XRB spectral line studies.
We present the radio and X-ray monitoring campaign of the 2019/2020 outburst of MAXI J1348-630, a new black hole X-ray binary (XRB) discovered in 2019 January. We observed MAXI J1348-630 for $sim$14 months in the radio band with MeerKAT and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and in the X-rays with MAXI and Swift/XRT. Throughout the outburst we detected and tracked the evolution of the compact and transient jets. Following the main outburst, the system underwent at least 4 hard-state-only re-flares, during which compact jets were again detected. For the major outburst, we observed the rise, quenching, and re-activation of the compact jets, as well as two single-sided discrete ejecta, launched $sim$2 months apart and travelling away from the black hole. These ejecta displayed the highest proper motion ($gtrsim$100 mas day$^{-1}$) ever measured for an accreting black hole binary. From the jet motion, we constrain the ejecta inclination and speed to be $leq$46$^{circ}$ and $geq$0.69 $c$, and the opening angle and transverse expansion speed of the first component to be $leq$6$^{circ}$ and $leq$0.05 $c$. We also infer that the first ejection happened at the hard-to-soft state transition, before a strong radio flare, while the second ejection was launched during a short excursion from the soft to the intermediate state. After traveling with constant speed, the first component underwent a strong deceleration, which was covered with unprecedented detail and suggested that MAXI J1348-630 could be located inside a low-density cavity in the interstellar medium, as already proposed for XTE J1550-564 and H1743-322.
We present a systematic spectral-timing analysis of a fast appearance/disappearance of a type-B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), observed in four NICER observations of MAXI J1348-630. By comparing the spectra of the period with and without the type-B QPO, we found that the main difference appears at energy bands above ~2 keV, suggesting that the QPO emission is dominated by the hard Comptonised component. During the transition, a change in the relative contribution of the disk and Comptonised emission was observed. The disk flux decreased while the Comptonised flux increased from non-QPO to type-B QPO. However, the total flux did not change too much in the NICER band. Our results reveal that the type-B QPO is associated with a redistribution of accretion power between the disk and Comptonised emission. When the type-B QPO appears, more accretion power is dissipated into the Comptonised region than in the disk. Our spectral fits give a hint that the increased Comptonised emission may come from an additional component that is related to the base of the jet.
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