Modern scientific research has become largely a cooperative activity in the Internet age. We build a simulation model to understand the population-level creativity based on the heuristic ant colony algorithm. Each researcher has two heuristic parameters characterizing the goodness of his own judgments and his trust on literature. In a population with all kinds of researchers, we find that as the problem scale increases, the contributor distribution significantly shifts from the independent regime of relying on ones own judgments to the cooperative regime of more closely following the literature. The distribution also changes with the stage of the research problem and the computing power available. Our work provides some preliminary understanding and guidance for the dynamical process of cooperative scientific research in various disciplines.
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