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Register a new userSyzygies of $mathbb{P}^{1}times mathbb{P}^{1}$: data and conjectures
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We provide a number of new conjectures and questions concerning the syzygies of $mathbb{P}^1times mathbb{P}^1$. The conjectures are based on computing the graded Betti tables and related data for large number of different embeddings of $mathbb{P}^1times mathbb{P}^1$. These computations utilize linear algebra over finite fields and high-performance computing.
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We report the results of the lattice simulation of the ${mathbb C} P^{N-1}$ sigma model on $S_{s}^{1}$(large) $times$ $S_{tau}^{1}$(small). We take a sufficiently large ratio of the circumferences to approximate the model on ${mathbb R} times S^1$. For periodic boundary condition imposed in the $S_{tau}^{1}$ direction, we show that the expectation value of the Polyakov loop undergoes a deconfinement crossover as the compactified circumference is decreased, where the peak of the associated susceptibility gets sharper for larger $N$. For ${mathbb Z}_{N}$ twisted boundary condition, we find that, even at relatively high $beta$ (small circumference), the regular $N$-sided polygon-shaped distributions of Polyakov loop leads to small expectation values of Polyakov loop, which implies unbroken ${mathbb Z}_{N}$ symmetry if sufficient statistics and large volumes are adopted. We also argue the existence of fractional instantons and bions by investigating the dependence of the Polyakov loop on $S_{s}^{1}$ direction, which causes transition between ${mathbb Z}_{N}$ vacua.
In the leading order of the large-$N$ approximation, we study the renormalon ambiguity in the gluon (or, more appropriately, photon) condensate in the 2D supersymmetric $mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ model on~$mathbb{R}times S^1$ with the $mathbb{Z}_N$ twisted boundary conditions. In our large~$N$ limit, the combination $Lambda R$, where $Lambda$ is the dynamical scale and $R$~is the $S^1$ radius, is kept fixed (we set $Lambda Rll1$ so that the perturbative expansion with respect to the coupling constant at the mass scale~$1/R$ is meaningful). We extract the perturbative part from the large-$N$ expression of the gluon condensate and obtain the corresponding Borel transform~$B(u)$. For~$mathbb{R}times S^1$, we find that the Borel singularity at~$u=2$, which exists in the system on the uncompactified~$mathbb{R}^2$ and corresponds to twice the minimal bion action, disappears. Instead, an unfamiliar renormalon singularity emph{emerges/} at~$u=3/2$ for the compactified space~$mathbb{R}times S^1$. The semi-classical interpretation of this peculiar singularity is not clear because $u=3/2$ is not dividable by the minimal bion action. It appears that our observation for the system on~$mathbb{R}times S^1$ prompts reconsideration on the semi-classical bion picture of the infrared renormalon.
We apply the theory of fundamental strata of Bremer and Sage to find cohomologically rigid $G$-connections on the projective line, generalising the work of Frenkel and Gross. In this theory, one studies the leading term of a formal connection with respect to the Moy-Prasad filtration associated to a point in the Bruhat-Tits building. If the leading term is regular semisimple with centraliser a (not necessarily split) maximal torus $S$, then we have an $S$-toral connection. In this language, the irregular singularity of the Frenkel-Gross connection gives rise to the homogenous toral connection of minimal slope associated to the Coxeter torus $mathcal{C}$. In the present paper, we consider connections on $mathbb{G}_m$ which have an irregular homogeneous $mathcal{C}$-toral singularity at zero of slope $i/h$, where $h$ is the Coxeter number and $i$ is a positive integer coprime to $h$, and a regular singularity at infinity with unipotent monodromy. Our main result is the characterisation of all such connections which are rigid.
By employing the $1/N$ expansion, we compute the vacuum energy~$E(deltaepsilon)$ of the two-dimensional supersymmetric (SUSY) $mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ model on~$mathbb{R}times S^1$ with $mathbb{Z}_N$ twisted boundary conditions to the second order in a SUSY-breaking parameter~$deltaepsilon$. This quantity was vigorously studied recently by Fujimori et al. using a semi-classical approximation based on the bion, motivated by a possible semi-classical picture on the infrared renormalon. In our calculation, we find that the parameter~$deltaepsilon$ receives renormalization and, after this renormalization, the vacuum energy becomes ultraviolet finite. To the next-to-leading order of the $1/N$ expansion, we find that the vacuum energy normalized by the radius of the~$S^1$, $R$, $RE(deltaepsilon)$ behaves as inverse powers of~$Lambda R$ for~$Lambda R$ small, where $Lambda$ is the dynamical scale. Since $Lambda$ is related to the renormalized t~Hooft coupling~$lambda_R$ as~$Lambdasim e^{-2pi/lambda_R}$, to the order of the $1/N$ expansion we work out, the vacuum energy is a purely non-perturbative quantity and has no well-defined weak coupling expansion in~$lambda_R$.
We propose a conjectural explicit formula of generating series of a new type for Gromov--Witten invariants of $mathbb{P}^1$ of all degrees in full genera.
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