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Register a new userPrompt Acceleration of a Short-Lifetime Low-Energy Muon Beam
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An energetic muon beam is an attractive key to unlock new physics beyond the Standard Model: the lepton flavor violation or the anomalous magnetic moment, and also is a competitive candidate for the expected neutrino factory. Lots of the muon scientific applications are limited by low flux cosmic-ray muons, low energy muon sources or extremely expensive muon accelerators. An prompt acceleration of the low-energy muon beam is found in the beam-driven plasma wakefield up to $mathrm{TV/m}$. The muon beam is accelerated from $275mathrm{MeV}$ to more than $10mathrm{GeV}$ within $22.5mathrm{ps}$. Choosing the injection time of the muon beam in a proper range, the longitudinal spatial distribution and the energy distribution of the accelerated muon beam are compressed. The efficiency of the energy transfer from the driven electron beam to the muon beam can reach $20%$. The prompt acceleration scheme is a promising avenue to bring the expected neutrino factory and the muon collider into reality and to catch new physics beyond the Standard Model.
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Muons have been accelerated by using a radio frequency accelerator for the first time. Negative muonium atoms (Mu$^-$), which are bound states of positive muons ($mu^+$) and two electrons, are generated from $mu^+$s through the electron capture process in an aluminum degrader. The generated Mu$^-$s are initially electrostatically accelerated and injected into a radio frequency quadrupole linac (RFQ). In the RFQ, the Mu$^-$s are accelerated to 89 keV. The accelerated Mu$^-$s are identified by momentum measurement and time of flight. This compact muon linac opens the door to various muon accelerator applications including particle physics measurements and the construction of a transmission muon microscope.
Muon collider detector design and interaction region optimization are strongly correlated by the beam-induced background that finally determines the detector performance. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to study and optimize both of them simultaneously, being able to quantify the effects of interaction region elements modification on the beam-induced background fluxes and composition. An advanced simulation tool, based on the LineBuilder and Fluka programs, has been developed to produce beam-induced background events and to study their characteristics when the interaction region active and passive elements are changed. The tool characteristics, as well as the performance against previous simulations are presented together with the feature that allows to deeply study the beam-induced background point of origin.
Neutrino beam with about 300 MeV in energy, high-flux and medium baseline is considered a rational choice for measuring CP violation before the more powerful Neutrino Factory will be built. Following this concept, a unique neutrino beam facility based on muon-decayed neutrinos is proposed. The facility adopts a continuous-wave proton linac of 1.5 GeV and 10 mA as the proton driver, which can deliver an extremely high beam power of 15 MW. Instead of pion-decayed neutrinos, unprecedentedly intense muon-decayed neutrinos are used for better background discrimination. The schematic design for the facility is presented here, including the proton driver, the assembly of a mercury-jet target and capture superconducting solenoids, a pion/muon beam transport line, a long muon decay channel of about 600 m and the detector concept. The physics prospects and the technical challenges are also discussed.
A new muon beamline, muon science innovative channel (MuSIC), was set up at the Research Centre for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, in Osaka, Japan, using the 392 MeV proton beam impinging on a target. The production of an intense muon beam relies on the efficient capture of pions, which subsequently decay to muons, using a novel superconducting solenoid magnet system. After the pion-capture solenoid the first $36^circ$ of the curved muon transport line was commissioned and the muon flux was measured. In order to detect muons, a target of either copper or magnesium was placed to stop muons at the end of the muon beamline. Two stations of plastic scintillators located upstream and downstream from the muon target were used to reconstruct the decay spectrum of muons. In a complementary method to detect negatively-charged muons, the X-ray spectrum yielded by muonic atoms in the target were measured in a germanium detector. Measurements, at a proton beam current of 6 pA, yielded $(10.4 pm 2.7) times 10^5$ muons per Watt of proton beam power ($mu^+$ and $mu^-$), far in excess of other facilities. At full beam power (400 W), this implies a rate of muons of $(4.2 pm 1.1) times 10^8$ muons s$^{-1}$, amongst the highest in the world. The number of $mu^-$ measured was about a factor of 10 lower, again by far the most efficient muon beam produced. The set up is a prototype for future experiments requiring a high-intensity muon beam, such as a muon collider or neutrino factory, or the search for rare muon decays which would be a signature for phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Such a muon beam can also be used in other branches of physics, nuclear and condensed matter, as well as other areas of scientific research.
Muon beams are customarily obtained via $K/pi$ decays produced in proton interaction on target. In this paper we investigate the possibility to produce low emittance muon beams from electron-positron collisions at centre-of-mass energy just above the $mu^{+}mu^{-}$ production threshold with maximal beam energy asymmetry, corresponding to a positron beam of about 45 GeV interacting on electrons on target. We present the main features of this scheme with an outline of the possible applications.
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