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By a ring groupoid we mean an animated ring whose i-th homotopy groups are zero for all i>1. In this expository note we give an elementary treatment of the (2,1)-category of ring groupoids (i.e., without referring to general animated rings and without using n-categories for n>2). The note is motivated by the fact that ring stacks play a central role in the Bhatt-Lurie approach to prismatic cohomology.
Structures where we have both a contravariant (pullback) and a covariant (pushforward) functoriality that satisfy base change can be encoded by functors out of ($infty$-)categories of spans (or correspondences). In this paper we study the more complicated setup where we have two pushforwards (an additive and a multiplicative one), satisfying a distributivity relation. Such structures can be described in terms of bispans (or polynomial diagrams). We show that there exist $(infty,2)$-categories of bispans, characterized by a universal property: they corepresent functors out of $infty$-categories of spans where the pullbacks have left adjoints and certain canonical 2-morphisms (encoding base change and distributivity) are invertible. This gives a universal way to obtain functors from bispans, which amounts to upgrading monoid-like structures to ring-like ones. For example, symmetric monoidal $infty$-categories can be described as product-preserving functors from spans of finite sets, and if the tensor product is compatible with finite coproducts our universal property gives the canonical semiring structure using the coproduct and tensor product. More interestingly, we encode the additive and multiplicative transfers on equivariant spectra as a functor from bispans in finite $G$-sets, extend the norms for finite etale maps in motivic spectra to a functor from certain bispans in schemes, and make $mathrm{Perf}(X)$ for $X$ spectral Deligne--Mumford stack a functor of bispans using a multiplicative pushforward for finite etale maps in addition to the usual pullback and pushforward maps.
This book is an introduction to 2-categories and bicategories, assuming only the most elementary aspects of category theory. A review of basic category theory is followed by a systematic discussion of 2-/bicategories, pasting diagrams, lax functors, 2-/bilimits, the Duskin nerve, 2-nerve, adjunctions and monads in bicategories, 2-monads, biequivalences, the Bicategorical Yoneda Lemma, and the Coherence Theorem for bicategories. Grothendieck fibrations and the Grothendieck construction are discussed next, followed by tricategories, monoidal bicategories, the Gray tensor product, and double categories. Completely detailed proofs of several fundamental but hard-to-find results are presented for the first time. With exercises and plenty of motivation and explanation, this book is useful for both beginners and experts.
We construct a family of oriented extended topological field theories using the AKSZ construction in derived algebraic geometry, which can be viewed as an algebraic and topological version of the classical AKSZ field theories that occur in physics. These have as their targets higher categories of symplectic derived stacks, with higher morphisms given by iterated Lagrangian correspondences. We define these, as well as analogous higher categories of oriented derived stacks and iterated oriented cospans, and prove that all objects are fully dualizable. Then we set up a functorial version of the AKSZ construction, first implemented in this context by Pantev-Toen-Vaquie-Vezzosi, and show that it induces a family of symmetric monoidal functors from oriented stacks to symplectic stacks. Finally, we construct forgetful functors from the unoriented bordism $(infty,n)$-category to cospans of spaces, and from the oriented bordism $(infty,n)$-category to cospans of spaces equipped with an orientation; the latter combines with the AKSZ functors by viewing spaces as constant stacks, giving the desired field theories.
We generalise the construction of the Lie algebroid of a Lie groupoid so that it can be carried out in any tangent category. First we reconstruct the bijection between left invariant vector fields and source constant tangent vectors based at an identity element for a groupoid in a category equipped with an endofunctor that has a retraction onto the identity functor. Second we use the full structure of a tangent category to construct the algebroid of a groupoid. Finally we show how the classical result concerning the splitting of the tangent bundle of a Lie group can be carried out for any pregroupoid.
We prove a generalisation of the correspondence, due to Resende and Lawson--Lenz, between etale groupoids---which are topological groupoids whose source map is a local homeomorphisms---and complete pseudogroups---which are inverse monoids equipped with a particularly nice representation on a topological space. Our generalisation improves on the existing functorial correspondence in four ways. Firstly, we enlarge the classes of maps appearing to each side. Secondly, we generalise on one side from inverse monoids to inverse categories, and on the other side, from etale groupoids to what we call partite etale groupoids. Thirdly, we generalise from etale groupoids to source-etale categories, and on the other side, from inverse monoids to restriction monoids. Fourthly, and most far-reachingly, we generalise from topological etale groupoids to etale groupoids internal to any join restriction category C with local glueings; and on the other side, from complete pseudogroups to ``complete C-pseudogroups, i.e., inverse monoids with a nice representation on an object of C. Taken together, our results yield an equivalence, for a join restriction category C with local glueings, between join restriction categories with a well-behaved functor to C, and partite source-etale internal categories in C. In fact, we obtain this by cutting down a larger adjunction between arbitrary restriction categories over C, and partite internal categories in C. Beyond proving this main result, numerous applications are given, which reconstruct and extend existing correspondences in the literature, and provide general formulations of completion processes.