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Register a new userSearching for Surviving Companion in the Young SMC Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
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1E 0102.2--7219 (hereafter E0102) is a young supernova remnant (SNR) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). It contains oxygen-rich SN ejecta, a possible neutron star (NS), and a small amount of fast-moving H-rich ejecta material. These properties are also seen in Cas A, it has thus been suggested that E0102 is also a Type IIb SNR, whose SN progenitors hydrogen envelope was stripped off possibly via interactions with a companion star. To search for a surviving companion of E0102s SN progenitor, we have used archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continuum images to make photometric measurements of stars projected in the SNR to construct color-magnitude diagrams and compare the stars with those expected from surviving companions of Type IIb SNe. We have also used the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations taken with the Very Large Telescope to perform spectroscopic analyses of stars and search for peculiar radial velocities as diagnostics of surviving companions. We further use the HST and Gaia data to inspect proper motions of stars for complementary kinetic studies. No plausible companion candidates are found if the SN explosion site was near the NS, while the B3 V star 34a may be a plausible companion candidate if the SN explosion site is near the SN ejectas expansion center. If the NS is real and associated with E0102, it needs a ~1000 km/s runaway velocity, which has been observed in other SNRs and can be acquired from an asymmetric SN explosion or a kick by the SN explosion of a massive companion.
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We present infrared observations of the young, oxygen-rich supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 (E0102) in the Small Magellanic Cloud, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The remnant is detected at 24 um but not at 8 or 70 um and has a filled morphology with two prominent filaments. We find evidence for the existence of up to 8x10^-4 Msolar of hot dust (T~120 K) associated with the remnant. Most of the hot dust is located in the central region of E0102 which appears significantly enhanced in infrared and radio continuum emission relative to the X--ray emission. Even if all of the hot dust was formed in the explosion of E0102, the estimated mass of dust is at least 100 times lower that what is predicted by some recent theoretical models.
We present new proper motion measurements of optically emitting oxygen-rich knots of supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 (E0102), which are used to estimate the remnants center of expansion and age. Four epochs of high resolution Hubble Space Telescope images spanning 19 yr were retrieved and analyzed. We found a robust center of expansion of alpha=1:04:02.48 and delta=-72:01:53.92 (J2000) with 1-sigma uncertainty of 1.77 arcseconds using 45 knots from images obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys using the F475W filter in 2003 and 2013 having the highest signal-to-noise ratio. We also estimate an upper limit explosion age of 1738 +/- 175 yr by selecting knots with the highest proper motions, that are assumed to be the least decelerated. We find evidence of an asymmetry in the proper motions of the knots as a function of position angle. We conclude that these asymmetries were most likely caused by interaction between E0102s original supernova blast wave and an inhomogeneous surrounding environment, as opposed to intrinsic explosion asymmetry. The observed non-homologous expansion suggests that the use of a free expansion model inaccurately offsets the center of expansion and leads to an overestimated explosion age. We discuss our findings as they compare to previous age and center of expansion estimates of E0102 and their relevance to a recently identified candidate central compact object.
We have observed the oxygen-rich SNR 1E 0102.2-7219 with the integral field spectrograph WiFeS at Siding Spring Observatory and discovered sulfur-rich ejecta for the first time. Follow-up deep DDT observations with MUSE on the VLT (8100 s on source) have led to the additional discovery of fast- moving hydrogen as well as argon-rich and chlorine-rich material. The detection of fast-moving hydrogen knots challenges the interpretation that the progenitor of 1E 0102 was a compact core of a Wolf-Rayet star that had shed its entire envelope. In addition to the detection of hydrogen and the products of oxygen-burning, this unprecedented sharp (0.2 spaxel size at ~0.7 seeing) and deep MUSE view of an oxygen-rich SNR in the Magellanic Clouds reveals further exciting discoveries, including [Fe xiv]{lambda}5303 and [Fe xi]{lambda}7892 emission, which we associate with the forward shock. We present this exciting data set and discuss some of its implications for the explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis of the associated supernova.
We have surveyed Keplers supernova remnant in search of the companion star of the explosion. We have gone as deep as 2.6 solar luminosities in the stars within 20% of the radius of the remnant. We use FLAMES at the VLT-UT2 telescope to obtain high resolution spectra of the stellar candidates selected from HST images. The resulting set of stellar parameters suggests that these stars come from a rather ordinary mixture of field stars (mostly giants). A few of the stars seem to have low [Fe/H] (< -1) and they are consistent with being metal-poor giants. The radial velocities and rotational velocities vrot sin i are very well determined. There are no fast rotating stars as vrot sin i < 20 km/s. The radial velocities from the spectra and the proper motions determined from HST images are compatible with those expected from the Besanc{c}on model of the Galaxy. The strong limits placed on luminosity suggest that this supernova could have arisen either from the core-degenerate scenario or from the double-degenerate scenario.
We measure the expansion of the forward shock of the Small Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant 1E,0102.2-7219 in X-rays using Chandra X-Ray Observatory on-axis Advanced CCD Imaging Spectromete(ACIS) observations from 1999-2016. We estimate an expansion rate of 0.025%pm0.006%yr^{-1} and a blast-wave velocity of 1.61pm0.37times10^3 km s^{-1}. Assuming partial electron-ion equilibration via Coulomb collisions and cooling due to adiabatic expansion, this velocity implies a postshock electron temperature of 0.84pm0.20 keV which is consistent with the estimate of 0.68pm0.05 keV based on the X-ray spectral analysis. We combine the expansion rate with the blast wave and reverse shock radii to generate a grid of one-dimensional models for a range of ejecta masses (2-6 msol) to constrain the explosion energy, age, circumstellar density, swept-up mass, and unshocked-ejecta mass. We find acceptable solutions for a constant density ambient medium and for an r^{-2} power-law profile (appropriate for a constant progenitor stellar wind). For the constant density case, we find an age of sim 1700 yr, explosion energies 0.87-2.61times10^{51} erg, ambient densities 0.85-2.54 amu cm^{-3}, swept-up masses 22-66 msol, and unshocked-ejecta masses 0.05-0.16 msol. For the power-law density profile, we find an age of sim 2600 yr, explosion energies 0.34-1.02times10^{51} erg, densities 0.22-0.66 amu cm^{-3} at the blast wave, swept-up masses 17-52 msol, and unshocked-ejecta masses 0.06-0.18 msol. Assuming the true explosion energy was 0.5-1.5times10^{51} erg, ejecta masses 2-3.5 msol are favored for the constant density case and 3-6 msol for the power-law case. The unshocked-ejecta mass estimates are comparable to Fe masses expected in core-collapse supernovae with progenitor mass 15.0-40.0 msol, offering a possible explanation for the lack of Fe emission observed in X-rays.
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