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Register a new userHong-Ou-Mandel interferometry and spectroscopy using entangled photons
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Optical interferometry has been a long-standing setup for characterization of quantum states of light. Both the linear and the nonlinear interferences can provide information about the light statistics an underlying detail of the light-matter interactions. Here we demonstrate how interferometric detection of nonlinear spectroscopic signals may be used to improve the measurement accuracy of matter susceptibilities. Light-matter interactions change the photon statistics of quantum light, which are encoded in the field correlation functions. Application is made to the Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interferometer that reveals entanglement-enhanced resolution that can be achieved with existing optical technology.
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In the classical Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect pairs of photons with bosonic (fermionic) spatial wavefunction coalesce (anti-coalesce) when mixed on a lossless beamsplitter. Here we report that the presence of dissipation in the beamsplitter allows the observation of the anti-HOM effect, where bosons anti-coalesce and fermions show coalescent-like behavior. We provide an experimental demonstration of the anti-HOM effect for both bosonic and fermionic two-photon entangled states. Beyond its fundamental significance, the anti-HOM effect offers applications in quantum information and metrology where states of entangled photons are dynamically converted.
The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect provides a mechanism to determine the distinguishability of a photon pair by measuring the bunching rates of two photons interfering at a beam splitter. Of particular interest is the distinguishability in time, which can be used to probe a time delay. Photon detectors themselves give some timing information, however---while that resolution may dwarf that of an interferometric technique---typical analyses reduce the interference to a binary event, neglecting temporal information in the detector. By modelling detectors with number and temporal resolution we demonstrate a greater precision than coincidence rates or temporal data alone afford. Moreover, the additional information can allow simultaneous estimation of a time delay alongside calibration parameters, opening up the possibility of calibration-free protocols and approaching the precision of the quantum Cramer-Rao bound.
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, i.e. the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beam splitter is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Although originally proposed as a method for sensing micron-scale variations in photon propagation path lengths and despite the detection of photon bunching using camera technologies, the technique is still to be extended to the imaging domain. We report a full-field, scan-free, quantum imaging technique that exploits HOM interference to reconstruct the surface depth profile of transparent samples. We measure both the bunched and anti-bunched photon-pair distributions at the HOM interferometer output which are combined to provide a lower-noise image of the sample. This approach demonstrates the possibility of HOM microscopy as a tool for label-free imaging of transparent samples in the very low photon regime.
Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, the fact that identical photons that arrive simultaneously on different input ports of a beam splitter bunch into a common output port, can be used to measure optical delays between different paths. It is generally assumed that great precision in the measurement requires that photons contain many frequencies, i.e., a large bandwidth. Here we challenge this well-known assumption and show that the use of two well-separated frequencies embedded in a quantum entangled state (discrete color entanglement) suffices to achieve great precision. We determine optimum working points using a Fisher Information analysis and demonstrate the experimental feasibility of this approach by detecting thermally-induced delays in an optical fiber. These results may significantly facilitate the use of quantum interference for quantum sensing, by avoiding some stringent conditions such as the requirement for large bandwidth signals.
Heralded single photons (HSPs) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are useful resource to achieve various photonic quantum information processing. Given a large-scale experiment which needs multiple HSPs, increasing the generation rate with suppressing higher-order pair creation is desirable. One of the promising ways is to use a pump laser with higher repetition rate. However, little is known of the influence of the pump repetition rate on the indistinguishability of the HSP. In this work, we reveal that, as the pump repetition rate gets higher, the spectral purity of the HSP is degraded due to the sparse comb structure of the pump pulse. Furthermore, we show that the above difficulty is circumvented by performing temporal filtering. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we experimentally demonstrate a high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independent HSPs generated by SPDC with 3.2 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses via temporal filtering. Our method forms an important building block to achieve large-scale, high-fidelity, and high-speed photonic quantum information processing.
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