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Register a new userHamiltonian pitchfork bifurcation in transition across index-1 saddles
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We study the effect of changes in the parameters of a two-dimensional potential energy surface on the phase space structures relevant for chemical reaction dynamics. The changes in the potential energy are representative of chemical reactions such as isomerization between two structural conformations or dissociation of a molecule with an intermediate. We present a two degrees of freedom quartic Hamiltonian that shows pitchfork bifurcation when the parameters are varied and we derive the bifurcation criteria relating the parameters. Next, we describe the phase space structures - unstable periodic orbits and their associated invariant manifolds, and phase space dividing surfaces - for the systems that can show trajectories undergo reaction defined as crossing of a potential energy barrier. Finally, we quantify the reaction dynamics for these systems by obtaining the directional flux and gap time distribution to illustrate the dependence on total energy and the coupling strength between the two degrees of freedom.
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In most realistic models for quantum chaotic systems, the Hamiltonian matrices in unperturbed bases have a sparse structure. We study correlations in eigenfunctions of such systems and derive explicit expressions for some of the correlation functions with respect to energy. The analytical results are tested in several models by numerical simulations. An application is given for a relation between transition probabilities.
Motivated by the normal form of a fast-slow ordinary differential equation exhibiting a pitchfork singularity we consider the discrete-time dynamical system that is obtained by an application of the explicit Euler method. Tracking trajectories in the vicinity of the singularity we show, how the slow manifold extends beyond the singular point and give an estimate on the contraction rate of a transition mapping. The proof relies on the blow-up method suitably adapted to the discrete setting where a key technical contribution are precise estimates for a cubic map in the central rescaling chart.
A Lorenz-like model was set up recently, to study the hydrodynamic instabilities in a driven active matter system. This Lorenz model differs from the standard one in that all three equations contain non-linear terms. The additional non-linear term comes from the active matter contribution to the stress tensor. In this work, we investigate the non-linear properties of this Lorenz model both analytically and numerically. The significant feature of the model is the passage to chaos through a complete set of period-doubling bifurcations above the Hopf point for inverse Schmidt numbers above a critical value. Interestingly enough, at these Schmidt numbers a strange attractor and stable fixed points coexist beyond the homoclinic point. At the Hopf point, the strange attractor disappears leaving a high-period periodic orbit. This periodic state becomes the expected limit cycle through a set of bifurcations and then undergoes a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations leading to the formation of a strange attractor. This is the first situation where a Lorenz-like model has shown a set of consecutive period-doubling bifurcations in a physically relevant transition to turbulence.
We present a comprehensive study of the statistical features of a three-dimensional time-reversible Navier-Stokes (RNS) system, wherein the standard viscosity $ u$ is replaced by a fluctuating thermostat that dynamically compensates for fluctuations in the total energy. We analyze the statistical features of the RNS steady states in terms of a non-negative dimensionless control parameter $mathcal{R}_r$, which quantifies the balance between the fluctuations of kinetic energy at the forcing length scale $ell_{rm f}$ and the total energy $E_0$. We find that the system exhibits a transition from a high-enstrophy phase at small $mathcal{R}_r$, where truncation effects tend to produce partially thermalized states, to a hydrodynamical phase with low enstrophy at large $mathcal{R}_r$. Using insights from a diffusion model of turbulence (Leith model), we argue that the transition is in fact akin to a continuous phase transition, where $mathcal{R}_r$ indeed behaves as a thermodynamic control parameter, e.g., a temperature, the enstrophy plays the role of an order parameter, while the symmetry breaking parameter $h$ is (one over) the truncation scale $k_{rm max}$. We find that the signatures of the phase transition close to the critical point $mathcal{R}_r^star$ can essentially be deduced from a heuristic mean-field Landau free energy. This point of view allows us to reinterpret the relevant asymptotics in which the dynamical ensemble equivalence conjectured by Gallavotti, Phys.Lett.A, 223, 1996 could hold true. Our numerics indicate that the low-order statistics of the 3D RNS are indeed qualitatively similar to those observed in direct numerical simulations of the standard Navier-Stokes (NS) equations with viscosity chosen so as to match the average value of the reversible viscosity.
The many-body localization transition (MBLT) between ergodic and many-body localized phase in disordered interacting systems is a subject of much recent interest. Statistics of eigenenergies is known to be a powerful probe of crossovers between ergodic and integrable systems in simpler examples of quantum chaos. We consider the evolution of the spectral statistics across the MBLT, starting with mapping to a Brownian motion process that analytically relates the spectral properties to the statistics of matrix elements. We demonstrate that the flow from Wigner-Dyson to Poisson statistics is a two-stage process. First, fractal enhancement of matrix elements upon approaching the MBLT from the metallic side produces an effective power-law interaction between energy levels, and leads to a plasma model for level statistics. At the second stage, the gas of eigenvalues has local interaction and level statistics belongs to a semi-Poisson universality class. We verify our findings numerically on the XXZ spin chain. We provide a microscopic understanding of the level statistics across the MBLT and discuss implications for the transition that are strong constraints on possible theories.
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