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Register a new user$mathcal{P}$, $mathcal{T}$-odd Faraday rotation in intracavity absorption spectroscopy with molecular beam as a possible way to improve the sensitivity of the search for the time reflection noninvariant effects in nature
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The present constraint on the space parity ($mathcal{P}$) and time reflection invariance ($mathcal{T}$) violating electron electric dipole moment ($e$EDM) is based on the observation of the electron spin precession in an external electric field using the ThO molecule. We propose an alternative approach: observation of the $mathcal{P}$,~$mathcal{T}$-odd Faraday effect in an external electric field using the cavity-enhanced polarimetric scheme in combination with a molecular beam crossing the cavity. Our theoretical simulation of the proposed experiment with the PbF and ThO molecular beams shows that the present constraint on the $e$EDM in principle can be improved by a few orders of magnitude.
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Present limit on the electron electric dipole moment ($e$EDM) is based on the electron spin precession measurement. We propose an alternative approach - observation of the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-odd Faraday effect in an external electric field on atoms and molecules using cavity-enhanced polarimetric scheme in combination with molecular (atomic) beam crossing the cavity. Our calculations of the effective electric fields and theoretical simulation of the proposed experiment on Tl and Pb atoms, PbF, YbF, ThO, and YbOH show that the present limit on the $e$EDM can be improved by 6-7 orders of magnitude.
Triatomic molecule RaOH combines the advantages of laser-coolability and the spectrum with close opposite-parity doublets. This makes it a promising candidate for experimental study of the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-violation. Previous studies concentrated on the calculations for different geometries without the averaging over the rovibrational wave function and stressed the possibility that the dependence of the $mathcal{P}$, $mathcal{T}$ parameters on the bond angle may significantly alter the observed value. We obtain the rovibrational wave functions of RaOH in the ground electronic state and excited vibrational state using the close-coupled equations derived from the adiabatic Hamiltonian. The potential surface is constructed based on the two-component relativistic CCSD(T) computation employing the generalized relativistic effective core potential (GRECP) for the Radium atom. The averaged values of the parameters $E_{rm eff}$ and $E_s$ describing the sensitivity of the system to the electron electric dipole moment and the scalar-pseudoscalar nucleon-electron interaction are calculated and the value of $l$-doubling is obtained.
Accurate evaluation of the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-odd Faraday effect (rotation of the polarization plane for the light propagating through a medium in presence of an external electric field) is presented. This effect can arise only due to the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-odd interactions and is different from the ordinary Faraday effect, i.e. the light polarization plane rotation in an external magnetic field. The rotation angle is evaluated for the ICAS (intracavity absorption spectroscopy) type experiments with Xe and Hg atoms. The results show that Hg atom may become a good candidate for a search for the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-odd effects in atomic physics.
The spectrum of triatomic molecules with close rovibrational opposite parity levels is sensitive to the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-odd effects. This makes them a convenient platform for the experimental search of a new physics. Among the promising candidates one may distinguish the YbOH as a non-radioactive compound with a heavy atom. The energy gap between levels of opposite parity, $l$-doubling, is of a great interest as it determines the electric field strength required for the full polarization of the molecule. Likewise, the influence of the bending and stretching modes on the sensitivities to the $mathcal{P}$,$mathcal{T}$-violation requires a thorough investigation since the measurement would be performed on the excited vibrational states. This motivates us to obtain the rovibrational nuclear wavefunctions, taking into account the anharmonicity of the potential. As a result, we get the values of the $E_{rm eff}$ and $E_s$ for the lowest excited vibrational state and determine the $l$-doubling
It is proposed to employ the P,T-odd Faraday effect, i.e. rotation of the polarization plane of the light propagating through a medium in presence of the electric field, as a tool for observation of P,T-odd effects caused by CP violation within the Standard Model. For this purpose the vapors of heavy atoms like Tl, Pb, Bi are most suitable. Estimates within the Standard Model show: provided that applied field is about 10^5 V/cm and the optical length can be as large as 70000 km, the rotation angle may reach the value corresponding to the recently observable values (10^{-9} rad). These estimates demonstrate that the P,T-odd Faraday effect observations may effectively compete with the recent measurements of the electron spin rotation in an external electric field, performed with diatomic molecules. These measurements exclude the P,T-odd effects at the level 9 orders of magnitude higher than the predictions of the Standard Model.
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