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Register a new userX-ray pulsar XTE J1858+034: discovery of the cyclotron line and the revised optical identification
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We present results of a detailed investigation of the poorly studied X-ray pulsar XTE J1858+034 based on the data obtained with the NuSTAR observatory during the outburst of the source in 2019. The spectral analysis resulted in the discovery of a cyclotron absorption feature in the source spectrum at ~48 keV both in the pulse phase averaged and resolved spectra. Accurate X-ray localization of the source using the NuSTAR and Chandra observatories allowed us to accurately determine the position of the X-ray source and identify the optical companion of the pulsar. The analysis of the counterpart properties suggested that the system is likely a symbiotic binary hosting an X-ray pulsar and a late type companion star of K-M classes rather than Be X-ray binary as previously suggested.
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Accreting X-ray pulsars (XRPs) undergo luminous X-ray outbursts during which the spectral and timing behavior of the neutron star can be studied in detail. We analyze a $NuSTAR$ observation of the XRP XTE J1858+034 during its outburst in 2019. The spectrum is fit with a phenomenological, a semi-empirical and a physical spectral model. A candidate cyclotron line is found at $48,$keV, implying a magnetic field of $5.4times10^{rm 12},$G at the site of emission. This is also supported by the physical best-fit model. We propose an orbital period of about $81$ days based on the visual inspection of the X-ray outbursts recurrence time. Based on $Fermi$ Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data, the standard disk accretion-torque theory allowed us to infer a distance of $10.9pm1.0,$kpc. Pulse profiles are single-peaked and show a pulsed fraction that is strongly energy-dependent at least up to $40$ keV.
We study the timing properties of XTE J1858+034 using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and Burst Alert Telescope onboard Swift during the outburst in October--November 2019. We have investigated for Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) during the outburst and detected a low-frequency QPO at $sim$196 mHz with $sim$6% RMS variability from the NuSTAR observation. The QPO is fitted and explained with the model - power law and a Lorentzian component. We have also studied the variation of QPO frequency with energy. The beat frequency model and Keplerian frequency model both are suitable to explain the origin of the QPOs for the source. Regular pulsations and QPOs are found to be stronger in high energy which suits the beat frequency model. The variation of the hardness ratio is studied over the outburst which does not show any significant variation.
We report the discovery of absorption features in the X-ray spectrum of the transient X-ray pulsar GROJ2058+42. The features are detected around $sim10$, $sim20$ and $sim30$ keV in both NuSTAR observations carried out during the source type II outburst in spring 2019. The most intriguing property is that the deficit of photons around these energies is registered only in the narrow phase interval covering around 10% of the pulsar spin period. We interpret these absorption lines as a cyclotron resonant scattering line (fundamental) and two higher harmonics. The measured energy allow us to estimate the magnetic field strength of the neutron star as $sim10^{12}$ G.
The high-mass X-ray binary and accreting X-ray pulsar IGR J16393-4643 was observed by NuSTAR in the 3-79 keV energy band for a net exposure time of 50 ks. We present the results of this observation which enabled the discovery of a cyclotron resonant scattering feature with a centroid energy of 29.3(+1.1/-1.3) keV. This allowed us to measure the magnetic field strength of the neutron star for the first time: B = (2.5+/-0.1)e12 G. The known pulsation period is now observed at 904.0+/-0.1 s. Since 2006, the neutron star has undergone a long-term spin-up trend at a rate of P = -2e-8 s/s (-0.6 s per year, or a frequency derivative of nu = 3e-14 Hz/s ). In the power density spectrum, a break appears at the pulse frequency which separates the zero slope at low frequency from the steeper slope at high frequency. This addition of angular momentum to the neutron star could be due to the accretion of a quasi-spherical wind, or it could be caused by the transient appearance of a prograde accretion disk that is nearly in corotation with the neutron star whose magnetospheric radius is around 2e8 cm.
We report results of a spectral and timing analysis of the poorly studied transient X-ray pulsar 2S 1553-542 using data collected with the NuSTAR and Chandra observatories and the Fermi/GBM instrument during an outburst in 2015. Properties of the source at high energies (>30 keV) are studied for the first time and the sky position had been essentially improved. The source broadband spectrum has a quite complicated shape and can be reasonably described by a composite model with two continuum components - a black body emission with the temperature about 1 keV at low energies and a power law with an exponential cutoff at high energies. Additionally an absorption feature at $sim23.5$ keV is discovered both in phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra and interpreted as the cyclotron resonance scattering feature corresponding to the magnetic field strength of the neutron star $Bsim3times10^{12}$ G. Based on the Fermi/GBM data the orbital parameters of the system were substantially improved, that allowed us to determine the spin period of the neutron star P = 9.27880(3) s and a local spin-up $dot P simeq -7.5times10^{-10}$ s s$^{-1}$ due to the mass accretion during the NuSTAR observations. Assuming accretion from the disk and using standard torque models we have estimated the distance to the system $d=20pm4$ kpc.
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