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Register a new userEfficient erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate waveguide amplifiers
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Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is an emerging photonic platform with great promises for future optical communications, nonlinear optics and microwave photonics. An important integrated photonic building block, active waveguide amplifiers, however, is still missing in the LNOI platform. Here we report an efficient and compact waveguide amplifier based on erbium-doped LNOI waveguides, realized by a sequence of erbium-doped crystal growth, ion slicing and lithography-based waveguide fabrication. Using a compact 5-mm-long waveguide, we demonstrate on-chip net gain of > 5 dB for 1530-nm signal light with a relatively low pump power of 21 mW at 980 nm. The efficient LNOI waveguide amplifiers could become an important fundamental element in future lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits.
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Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), as an emerging and promising optical integration platform, faces shortages of on-chip active devices including lasers and amplifiers. Here, we report the fabrication on-chip erbium-doped LNOI waveguide amplifiers based on electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. A net internal gain of ~30 dB/cm in communication band was achieved in the fabricated waveguide amplifiers under the pump of a 974-nm continuous laser. This work develops new active devices on LNOI and will promote the development of LNOI integrated photonics.
Erbium-doped lithium niobate on insulator (Er:LNOI) has attracted enormous interest as it provides gain and enables integrated amplifiers and lasers on the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. We demonstrate a highly efficient waveguide amplifier on Er:LNOI. The 2.58-cm long amplifier can achieve 27.94 dB signal enhancement, 16.0 dB internal net gain (6.20 dB/cm), -8.84 dBm saturation power, 4.59 dB/mW power conversion efficiency, and 4.49 dB noise figure at 1531.6 nm. Besides, thorough investigation on the pumping wavelength, pumping scheme, output power and noise figure have been performed to provide a comprehensive understanding on this novel waveguide amplifier. This work will benefit the development of a powerful gain platform and can pave the way for a fully integrated photonic system on LNOI platform.
As an active material with favorable linear and nonlinear optical properties, thin-film lithium niobate has demonstrated its potential in integrated photonics. Integration with rare-earth ions, which are promising candidates for quantum memories and transducers, will enrich the system with new applications in quantum information processing. Here, we investigate the optical properties at 1.5 micron wavelengths of rare-earth ions (Er$^{3+}$) implanted in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides and micro-ring resonators. Optical quality factors near a million after post annealing show that ion implantation damage can be successfully repaired. The transition linewidth and fluorescence lifetime of erbium ions are characterized, revealing values comparable to bulk-doped crystals. The ion-cavity coupling is observed through a Purcell enhanced fluorescence, from which a Purcell factor of ~3.8 is extracted. This platform is compatible with top-down lithography processes and leads to a scalable path for controlling spin-photon interfaces in photonic circuits.
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), regarded as an important candidate platform for optical integration due to its excellent nonlinear, electro-optic and other physical properties, has become a research hotspot. Light source, as an essential component for integrated optical system, is urgently needed. In this paper, we reported the realization of 1550-nm band on-chip LNOI microlasers based on erbium-doped LNOI ring cavities with loaded quality factors higher than one million, which were fabricated by using electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching processes. These microlasers demonstrated a low pump threshold of ~20 {mu}W and stable performance under the pump of a 980-nm band continuous laser. Comb-like laser spectra spanning from 1510 nm to 1580 nm were observed in high pump power regime, which lays the foundation of the realization of pulsed laser and frequency combs on rare-earth ion doped LNOI platform. This work has effectively promoted the development of on-chip integrated active LNOI devices.
Erbium-doped lithium niobate high-Q microdisk cavities were fabricated in batches by UV exposure, inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching and chemo-mechanical polishing. The stimulated emission at 1531.6 nm was observed under the pump of a narrow-band laser working at 974 nm in erbium-doped lithium niobate microdisk cavity with threshold down to 400 {mu}W and a conversion efficiency of 3.1{times}10^{-4} %, laying the foundation for the LNOI integrated light source research.
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