No Arabic abstract
The logarithmic representation of infinitesimal generators is generalized to the cases when the evolution operator is unbounded. The generalized result is applicable to the representation of infinitesimal generators of unbounded evolution operators, where unboundedness of evolution operator is an essential ingredient of nonlinear analysis. In conclusion a general framework for the identification between the infinitesimal generators with evolution operators is established. A mathematical framework for such an identification is indispensable to the rigorous treatment of nonlinear transforms: e.g., transforms appearing in the theory of integrable systems.
Generally-unbounded infinitesimal generators are studied in the context of operator topology. Beginning with the definition of seminorm, the concept of locally convex topological vector space is introduced as well as the concept of Fr{e}chet space. These are the basic concepts for defining an operator topology. Consequently, by associating the topological concepts with the convergence of sequence, a suitable mathematical framework for obtaining the logarithmic representation of infinitesimal generators is presented.
The concept of logarithmic representation of infinitesimal generators is introduced, and it is applied to clarify the algebraic structure of bounded and unbounded infinitesimal generators. In particular, by means of the logarithmic representation, the bounded components can be extracted from generally-unbounded infinitesimal generators. In conclusion the concept of module over a Banach algebra is proposed as the generalization of Banach algebra. As an application to mathematical physics, the rigorous formulation of rotation group, which consists of unbounded operators being written by differential operators, is provided using the module over a Banach algebra.
In this paper we {em discuss} diverse aspects of mutual relationship between adjoints and formal adjoints of unbounded operators bearing a matrix structure. We emphasize on the behaviour of row and column operators as they turn out to be the germs of an arbitrary matrix operator, providing most of the information about the latter {as it is the troublemaker}.
Dynamical semigroups have become the key structure for describing open system dynamics in all of physics. Bounded generators are known to be of a standard form, due to Gorini, Kossakowski, Sudarshan and Lindblad. This form is often used also in the unbounded case, but rather little is known about the general form of unbounded generators. In this paper we first give a precise description of the standard form in the unbounded case, emphasizing intuition, and collecting and even proving the basic results around it. We also give a cautionary example showing that the standard form must not be read too naively. Further examples are given of semigroups, which appear to be probability preserving to first order, but are not for finite times. Based on these, we construct examples of generators which are not of standard form.
We consider the problem of geometric optimization of the lowest eigenvalue for the Laplacian on a compact, simply-connected two-dimensional manifold with boundary subject to an attractive Robin boundary condition. We prove that in the sub-class of manifolds with the Gauss curvature bounded from above by a constant $K_circ ge 0$ and under the constraint of fixed perimeter, the geodesic disk of constant curvature $K_circ$ maximizes the lowest Robin eigenvalue. In the same geometric setting, it is proved that the spectral isoperimetric inequality holds for the lowest eigenvalue of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. Finally, we adapt our methods to Robin Laplacians acting on unbounded three-dimensional cones to show that, under a constraint of fixed perimeter of the cross-section, the lowest Robin eigenvalue is maximized by the circular cone.