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Register a new userOn the size of Nikodym sets in spaces over rings
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A Nikodym set $mathcal{N}subseteq(mathbb{Z}/(Nmathbb{Z}))^n$ is a set containing $Lsetminus{x}$ for every $xin(mathbb{Z}/(Nmathbb{Z}))^n$, where $L$ is a line passing through $x$. We prove that if $N$ is square-free, then the size of every Nikodym set is at least $c_nN^{n-o(1)}$, where $c_n$ only depends on $n$. This result is an extension of the result in the finite field case.
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A Kakeya set $S subset (mathbb{Z}/Nmathbb{Z})^n$ is a set containing a line in each direction. We show that, when $N$ is any square-free integer, the size of the smallest Kakeya set in $(mathbb{Z}/Nmathbb{Z})^n$ is at least $C_{n,epsilon} N^{n - epsilon}$ for any $epsilon$ -- resolving a special case of a conjecture of Hickman and Wright. Previously, such bounds were only known for the case of prime $N$. We also show that the case of general $N$ can be reduced to lower bounding the $mathbb{F}_p$ rank of the incidence matrix of points and hyperplanes over $(mathbb{Z}/p^kmathbb{Z})^n$.
In this paper, we study dot-product sets and $k$-simplices in vector spaces over finite rings. We show that if $E$ is sufficiently large then the dot-product set of $E$ covers the whole ring. In higher dimensional cases, if $E$ is sufficiently large then the set of simplices and the set of dot-product simplices determined by $E$, up to congurence, have positive densities.
We obtain local estimates, also called propagation of smallness or Remez-type inequalities, for analytic functions in several variables. Using Carleman estimates, we obtain a three sphere-type inequality, where the outer two spheres can be any sets satisfying a boundary separation property, and the inner sphere can be any set of positive Lebesgue measure. We apply this local result to characterize the dominating sets for Bergman spaces on strongly pseudoconvex domains in terms of a density condition or a testing condition on the reproducing kernels. Our methods also yield a sufficient condition for arbitrary domains and lower-dimensional sets.
We prove an asymptotically tight lower bound on the average size of independent sets in a triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $d$, showing that an independent set drawn uniformly at random from such a graph has expected size at least $(1+o_d(1)) frac{log d}{d}n$. This gives an alternative proof of Shearers upper bound on the Ramsey number $R(3,k)$. We then prove that the total number of independent sets in a triangle-free graph with maximum degree $d$ is at least $exp left[left(frac{1}{2}+o_d(1) right) frac{log^2 d}{d}n right]$. The constant $1/2$ in the exponent is best possible. In both cases, tightness is exhibited by a random $d$-regular graph. Both results come from considering the hard-core model from statistical physics: a random independent set $I$ drawn from a graph with probability proportional to $lambda^{|I|}$, for a fugacity parameter $lambda>0$. We prove a general lower bound on the occupancy fraction (normalized expected size of the random independent set) of the hard-core model on triangle-free graphs of maximum degree $d$. The bound is asymptotically tight in $d$ for all $lambda =O_d(1)$. We conclude by stating several conjectures on the relationship between the average and maximum size of an independent set in a triangle-free graph and give some consequences of these conjectures in Ramsey theory.
Let $mathbb{F}_p$ be a prime field, and ${mathcal E}$ a set in $mathbb{F}_p^2$. Let $Delta({mathcal E})={||x-y||: x,y in {mathcal E} }$, the distance set of ${mathcal E}$. In this paper, we provide a quantitative connection between the distance set $Delta({mathcal E})$ and the set of rectangles determined by points in ${mathcal E}$. As a consequence, we obtain a new lower bound on the size of $Delta({mathcal E})$ when ${mathcal E}$ is not too large, improving a previous estimate due to Lund and Petridis and establishing an approach that should lead to significant further improvements.
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