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We extend the holographic duality between 3d pure gravity and the 2d Ising CFT proposed in [Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 024032] to CFTs with boundaries. Besides the usual asymptotic boundary, the dual bulk spacetime now has a real cutoff, on which live branes with finite tension, giving Neumann boundary condition on the metric tensor. The strongly coupled bulk theory requires that we dress the well-known semiclassical AdS/BCFT answer with boundary gravitons, turning the partition function into the form of Virasoro characters. Using this duality, we relate the brane tensions to the modular S-matrix elements of the dual BCFT and derive the transformation between gravitational solutions with different brane tensions under modular S action.
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This is the draft/updated version of a textbook on real-world applications of the AdS/CFT duality for beginning graduate students in particle physics and for researchers in the other fields. The aim of this book is to provide background materials such as string theory, general relativity, nuclear physics, nonequilibrium physics, and condensed-matter physics as well as some key applications of the AdS/CFT duality in a single textbook. Contents: (1) Introduction, (2) General relativity and black holes, (3) Black holes and thermodynamics, (4) Strong interaction and gauge theories, (5) The road to AdS/CFT, (6) The AdS spacetime, (7) AdS/CFT - equilibrium, (8) AdS/CFT - adding probes, (9) Basics of nonequilibrium physics, (10) AdS/CFT - nonequilibrium, (11) Other AdS spacetimes, (12) Applications to quark-gluon plasma, (13) Basics of phase transition, (14) AdS/CFT - phase transition, (15) Exercises.
We study the entanglement entropy in 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories in the presence of interfaces from a holographic perspective. Compared with the well-known case of boundary conformal field theories, interfaces allow for several interesting new observables. Depending on how the interface is located within the entangling region, the entanglement entropies differ and exhibit surprising new patterns and universal relations. While our analysis is performed within the framework of holography, we expect our results to hold more generally.
We investigate a holographic model of superfluid flows with an external repulsive potential. When the strength of the potential is sufficiently weak, we analytically construct two steady superfluid flow solutions. As the strength of the potential is increased, the two solutions merge into a single critical solution at a critical strength, and then disappear above the critical value, as predicted by a saddle-node bifurcation theory. We also analyze the spectral function of fluctuations around the solutions under a certain decoupling approximation.
The IR dynamics of effective holographic theories capturing the interplay between charge density and the leading relevant scalar operator at strong coupling are analyzed. Such theories are parameterized by two real exponents $(gamma,delta)$ that control the IR dynamics. By studying the thermodynamics, spectra and conductivities of several classes of charged dilatonic black hole solutions that include the charge density back reaction fully, the landscape of such theories in view of condensed matter applications is characterized. Several regions of the $(gamma,delta)$ plane can be excluded as the extremal solutions have unacceptable singularities. The classical solutions have generically zero entropy at zero temperature, except when $gamma=delta$ where the entropy at extremality is finite. The general scaling of DC resistivity with temperature at low temperature, and AC conductivity at low frequency and temperature across the whole $(gamma,delta)$ plane, is found. There is a codimension-one region where the DC resistivity is linear in the temperature. For massive carriers, it is shown that when the scalar operator is not the dilaton, the DC resistivity scales as the heat capacity (and entropy) for planar (3d) systems. Regions are identified where the theory at finite density is a Mott-like insulator at T=0. We also find that at low enough temperatures the entropy due to the charge carriers is generically larger than at zero charge density.
We propose a simplified protocol of quantum energy teleportation (QET) for holographic conformal field theory (CFT) in 3-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with or without black hole. As a tentative proposal, we simplify the standard QET by replacing Alices local measurement with the local projection, which excites the system from ground state into a particular state dual to a Banados geometry. We then mimic Bobs local operation of the usual QET for extracting energy by deforming the UV surface with a local bump. Adopting the surface/state duality this deformation corresponds to local unitary. We evaluate the extraction of energy from the holographic stress tensor, and find that Bob always gains energy extraction in our protocol. This could be related to the positive energy theorem of the dual gravity. Moreover, the ratio of extraction energy to injection one is a universal function of the UV surface deformation profile.
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