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Register a new userSuperOCR: A Conversion from Optical Character Recognition to Image Captioning
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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has many real world applications. The existing methods normally detect where the characters are, and then recognize the character for each detected location. Thus the accuracy of characters recognition is impacted by the performance of characters detection. In this paper, we propose a method for recognizing characters without detecting the location of each character. This is done by converting the OCR task into an image captioning task. One advantage of the proposed method is that the labeled bounding boxes for the characters are not needed during training. The experimental results show the proposed method outperforms the existing methods on both the license plate recognition and the watermeter character recognition tasks. The proposed method is also deployed into a low-power (300mW) CNN accelerator chip connected to a Raspberry Pi 3 for on-device applications.
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Human activities are hugely restricted by COVID-19, recently. Robots that can conduct inter-floor navigation attract much public attention, since they can substitute human workers to conduct the service work. However, current robots either depend on human assistance or elevator retrofitting, and fully autonomous inter-floor navigation is still not available. As the very first step of inter-floor navigation, elevator button segmentation and recognition hold an important position. Therefore, we release the first large-scale publicly available elevator panel dataset in this work, containing 3,718 panel images with 35,100 button labels, to facilitate more powerful algorithms on autonomous elevator operation. Together with the dataset, a number of deep learning based implementations for button segmentation and recognition are also released to benchmark future methods in the community. The dataset will be available at url{https://github.com/zhudelong/elevator_button_recognition
Leveraging the advances of natural language processing, most recent scene text recognizers adopt an encoder-decoder architecture where text images are first converted to representative features and then a sequence of characters via `direct decoding. However, scene text images suffer from rich noises of different sources such as complex background and geometric distortions which often confuse the decoder and lead to incorrect alignment of visual features at noisy decoding time steps. This paper presents I2C2W, a novel scene text recognizer that is accurate and tolerant to various noises in scenes. I2C2W consists of an image-to-character module (I2C) and a character-to-word module (C2W) which are complementary and can be trained end-to-end. I2C detects characters and predicts their relative positions in a word. It strives to detect all possible characters including incorrect and redundant ones based on different alignments of visual features without the restriction of time steps. Taking the detected characters as input, C2W learns from character semantics and their positions to filter out incorrect and redundant detection and produce the final word recognition. Extensive experiments over seven public datasets show that I2C2W achieves superior recognition performances and outperforms the state-of-the-art by large margins on challenging irregular scene text datasets.
The existing image captioning approaches typically train a one-stage sentence decoder, which is difficult to generate rich fine-grained descriptions. On the other hand, multi-stage image caption model is hard to train due to the vanishing gradient problem. In this paper, we propose a coarse-to-fine multi-stage prediction framework for image captioning, composed of multiple decoders each of which operates on the output of the previous stage, producing increasingly refined image descriptions. Our proposed learning approach addresses the difficulty of vanishing gradients during training by providing a learning objective function that enforces intermediate supervisions. Particularly, we optimize our model with a reinforcement learning approach which utilizes the output of each intermediate decoders test-time inference algorithm as well as the output of its preceding decoder to normalize the rewards, which simultaneously solves the well-known exposure bias problem and the loss-evaluation mismatch problem. We extensively evaluate the proposed approach on MSCOCO and show that our approach can achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
Deep neural networks can generate images that are astonishingly realistic, so much so that it is often hard for humans to distinguish them from actual photos. These achievements have been largely made possible by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). While deep fake images have been thoroughly investigated in the image domain - a classical approach from the area of image forensics - an analysis in the frequency domain has been missing so far. In this paper, we address this shortcoming and our results reveal that in frequency space, GAN-generated images exhibit severe artifacts that can be easily identified. We perform a comprehensive analysis, showing that these artifacts are consistent across different neural network architectures, data sets, and resolutions. In a further investigation, we demonstrate that these artifacts are caused by upsampling operations found in all current GAN architectures, indicating a structural and fundamental problem in the way images are generated via GANs. Based on this analysis, we demonstrate how the frequency representation can be used to identify deep fake images in an automated way, surpassing state-of-the-art methods.
Automatic captioning of images is a task that combines the challenges of image analysis and text generation. One important aspect in captioning is the notion of attention: How to decide what to describe and in which order. Inspired by the successes in text analysis and translation, previous work have proposed the textit{transformer} architecture for image captioning. However, the structure between the textit{semantic units} in images (usually the detected regions from object detection model) and sentences (each single word) is different. Limited work has been done to adapt the transformers internal architecture to images. In this work, we introduce the textbf{textit{image transformer}}, which consists of a modified encoding transformer and an implicit decoding transformer, motivated by the relative spatial relationship between image regions. Our design widen the original transformer layers inner architecture to adapt to the structure of images. With only regions feature as inputs, our model achieves new state-of-the-art performance on both MSCOCO offline and online testing benchmarks.
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