No Arabic abstract
Perturbation theory is a kind of estimation method based on theorem of Taylor expansion, and is useful to investigate electromagnetic solutions of small changes. By considering a sharp boundary as a limit of smoothed systems, previous study has solved the problem when applying standard perturbation theory to Maxwells equations for small shifts in isotropic dielectric interfaces. However, when dealing with anisotropic materials, an approximation is conducted and leads to an unsatisfactory error. Here we develop a modified perturbation theory for small shifts in anisotropically dielectric interfaces. By using optimized smoothing function for each component of permittivity, we obtain a method to calculate the intrinsic frequency shifts of anisotropic permittivity field when boundaries shift, without approximation. Our method shows accurate results when calculating eigenfrequencys shifts in strong-anisotropy materials, and can be widely used for small shifts in anisotropically dielectric interfaces.
We provide an efficient method for the calculation of high-gain, twin-beam generation in waveguides derived from a canonical treatment of Maxwells equations. Equations of motion are derived that naturally accommodate photon generation via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) or spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), and also include the effects of both self-phase modulation (SPM) of the pump, and of cross-phase modulation(XPM) of the twin beams by the pump. The equations we solve involve fields that evolve in space and are labelled by a frequency. We provide a proof that these fields satisfy bonafide commutation relations, and that in the distant past and future they reduce to standard time-evolving Heisenberg operators. Having solved for the input-output relations of these Heisenberg operators we also show how to construct the ket describing the quantum state of the twin-beams. Finally, we consider the example of high-gain SPDC in a waveguide with a flat nonlinearity profile, for which our approach provides an explicit solution that requires only a single matrix exponentiation.
Optical resonators are widely used in modern photonics. Their spectral response and temporal dynamics are fundamentally driven by their natural resonances, the so-called quasinormal modes (QNMs), with complex frequencies. For optical resonators made of dispersive materials, the QNM computation requires solving a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. This rises a difficulty that is only scarcely documented in the literature. We review our recent efforts for implementing efficient and accurate QNM-solvers for computing and normalizing the QNMs of micro- and nano-resonators made of highly-dispersive materials. We benchmark several methods for three geometries, a two-dimensional plasmonic crystal, a two-dimensional metal grating, and a three-dimensional nanopatch antenna on a metal substrate, in the perspective to elaborate standards for the computation of resonance modes.
This paper explores a class of non-linear constitutive relations for materials with memory in the framework of covariant macroscopic Maxwell theory. Based on earlier models for the response of hysteretic ferromagnetic materials to prescribed slowly varying magnetic background fields, generalized models are explored that are applicable to accelerating hysteretic magneto-electric substances coupled self-consistently to Maxwell fields. Using a parameterized model consistent with experimental data for a particular material that exhibits purely ferroelectric hysteresis when at rest in a slowly varying electric field, a constitutive model is constructed that permits a numerical analysis of its response to a driven harmonic electromagnetic field in a rectangular cavity. This response is then contrasted with its predicted response when set in uniform rotary motion in the cavity.
We study the essential spectrum of operator pencils associated with anisotropic Maxwell equations, with permittivity $varepsilon$, permeability $mu$ and conductivity $sigma$, on finitely connected unbounded domains. The main result is that the essential spectrum of the Maxwell pencil is the union of two sets: namely, the spectrum of the pencil $mathrm{div}((omegavarepsilon + i sigma) abla,cdot,)$, and the essential spectrum of the Maxwell pencil with constant coefficients. We expect the analysis to be of more general interest and to open avenues to investigation of other questions concerning Maxwells and related systems.
The traditional fluid perturbation theory is improved by taking electronic excitations and ionizations into account, in the framework of average ion spheres. It is applied to calculate the equation of state for fluid Xenon, which turns out in good agreement with the available shock data.