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Search for proton decay via $pto e^+pi^0$ and $pto mu^+pi^0$ with an enlarged fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-IV

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 Added by Akira Takenaka
 Publication date 2020
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and research's language is English




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We have searched for proton decay via $pto e^+pi^0$ and $pto mu^+pi^0$ modes with the enlarged fiducial volume data of Super-Kamiokande from April 1996 to May 2018, which corresponds to 450 kton$cdot$years exposure. We have accumulated about 25% more livetime and enlarged the fiducial volume of the Super-Kamiokande detector from 22.5 kton to 27.2 kton for this analysis, so that 144 kton$cdot$years of data, including 78 kton$cdot$years of additional fiducial volume data, has been newly analyzed. No candidates have been found for $pto e^+pi^0$ and one candidate remains for $pto mu^+pi^0$ in the conventional 22.5 kton fiducial volume and it is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino background prediction. We set lower limits on the partial lifetime for each of these modes: $tau/B(pto e^+pi^0) > 2.4 times 10^{34}$ years and $tau/B(pto mu^+pi^0) > 1.6 times 10^{34}$ years at 90% confidence level.



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The s-channel annihilation of proton and antiproton into a neutral pion and a real or virtual photon followed by lepton pair emission is studied. Such mechanism is expected to play a role at moderate values of the total energy $sqrt{s}$, when the pion is emitted around $90^{circ}$ in the center of mass. A fair comparison with the existing data is obtained taking into account scattering and annihilation channels. The cross section is calculated and numerical results are given in the kinematical range accessible in the PANDA experiment at FAIR.
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