No Arabic abstract
Let $(mathcal{G},Gamma)$ be an abstract graph of finite groups. If $Gamma$ is finite, we can construct a profinite graph of groups in a natural way $(hat{mathcal{G}},Gamma)$, where $hat{mathcal{G}}(m)$ is the profinite completion of $mathcal{G}(m)$ for all $m in Gamma$. The main reason for this is that $Gamma$ is finite, so it is already profinite. In this paper we deal with the infinite case, by constructing a profinite graph $overline{Gamma}$ where $Gamma$ is densely embedded and then defining a profinite graph of groups $(widehat{mathcal{G}},overline{Gamma})$. We also prove that the fundamental group $Pi_1(widehat{mathcal{G}},overline{Gamma})$ is the profinite completion of $Pi_1^{abs}(mathcal{G},Gamma)$. This answers Open Question 6.7.1 of the book Profinite Graphs and Groups, published by Luis Ribes in 2017. Later we generalise the main theorem of a paper by Luis Ribes and the second author, proving that if $R$ is a virtually free abstract group and $H$ is a finitely generated subgroup of $R$, then $overline{N_{R}(H)}=N_{hat{R}}(overline{H})$ answering Open Question 15.11.10 of the book of Ribes. Finally, we generalise the main theorem of a paper by Sheila Chagas and the second author, showing that every virtually free group is subgroup conjugacy separable. This answers Open Question 15.11.11 of the same book of Ribes.
We introduce and investigate a class of profinite groups defined via extensions of centralizers analogous to the extensively studied class of finitely generated fully residually free groups, that is, limit groups (in the sense of Z. Sela). From the fact that the profinite completion of limit groups belong to this class, results on their group-theoretical structure and homological properties are obtained.
We study the subgroup structure of the etale fundamental group $Pi$ of a projective curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We obtain an analog of the diamond theorem for $Pi$. As a consequence we show that most normal subgroups of infinite index are semi-free. In particular every proper open subgroup of a normal subgroup of infinite index is semi-free.
In this paper we initiate a systematic study of the abstract commensurators of profinite groups. The abstract commensurator of a profinite group $G$ is a group $Comm(G)$ which depends only on the commensurability class of $G$. We study various properties of $Comm(G)$; in particular, we find two natural ways to turn it into a topological group. We also use $Comm(G)$ to study topological groups which contain $G$ as an open subgroup (all such groups are totally disconnected and locally compact). For instance, we construct a topologically simple group which contains the pro-2 completion of the Grigorchuk group as an open subgroup. On the other hand, we show that some profinite groups cannot be embedded as open subgroups of compactly generated topologically simple groups. Several celebrated rigidity theorems, like Pinks analogue of Mostows strong rigidity theorem for simple algebraic groups defined over local fields and the Neukirch-Uchida theorem, can be reformulated as structure theorems for the commensurators of certain profinite groups.
The main result of the paper is the following theorem. Let $q$ be a prime and $A$ an elementary abelian group of order $q^3$. Suppose that $A$ acts coprimely on a profinite group $G$ and assume that $C_G(a)$ is locally nilpotent for each $ain A^{#}$. Then the group $G$ is locally nilpotent.
Surface groups are determined among limit groups by their profinite completions. As a corollary, the set of surface words in a free group is closed in the profinite topology.