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Register a new userA quantum magnetic analogue to the critical point of water
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At the familiar liquid-gas phase transition in water, the density jumps discontinuously at atmospheric pressure, but the line of these first-order transitions defined by increasing pressures terminates at the critical point, a concept ubiquitous in statistical thermodynamics. In correlated quantum materials, a critical point was predicted and measured terminating the line of Mott metal-insulator transitions, which are also first-order with a discontinuous charge density. In quantum spin systems, continuous quantum phase transitions (QPTs) have been investigated extensively, but discontinuous QPTs have received less attention. The frustrated quantum antiferromagnet SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ constitutes a near-exact realization of the paradigmatic Shastry-Sutherland model and displays exotic phenomena including magnetization plateaux, anomalous thermodynamics and discontinuous QPTs. We demonstrate by high-precision specific-heat measurements under pressure and applied magnetic field that, like water, the pressure-temperature phase diagram of SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ has an Ising critical point terminating a first-order transition line, which separates phases with different densities of magnetic particles (triplets). We achieve a quantitative explanation of our data by detailed numerical calculations using newly-developed finite-temperature tensor-network methods. These results open a new dimension in understanding the thermodynamics of quantum magnetic materials, where the anisotropic spin interactions producing topological properties for spintronic applications drive an increasing focus on first-order QPTs.
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Entanglement of two different quantum orders is of an interest of the modern condensed matter physics. One of the examples is the dynamical multiferroicity, where fluctuations of electric dipoles lead to magnetization. We investigate this effect at finite temperature and demonstrate an elevated magnetic response of a ferroelectric near the ferroelectric quantum critical point (FE QCP). We calculate the magnetic susceptibility of a bulk sample on the paraelectric side of the FE QCP at finite temperature and find enhanced magnetic susceptibility near the FE QCP. We propose quantum paraelectric strontium titanate (STO) as a candidate material to search for dynamic multiferroicity. We estimate the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility for this material and find that it is detectable experimentally.
We compute the transition temperature $T_c$ and the Ginzburg temperature $T_{rm G}$ above $T_c$ near a quantum critical point at the boundary of an ordered phase with a broken discrete symmetry in a two-dimensional metallic electron system. Our calculation is based on a renormalization group analysis of the Hertz action with a scalar order parameter. We provide analytic expressions for $T_c$ and $T_{rm G}$ as a function of the non-thermal control parameter for the quantum phase transition, including logarithmic corrections. The Ginzburg regime between $T_c$ and $T_{rm G}$ occupies a sizable part of the phase diagram.
A quantum critical point (QCP) of the heavy fermion Ce(Ru_{1-x}Rh_x)_2Si_2 (x = 0, 0.03) has been studied by single-crystalline neutron scattering. By accurately measuring the dynamical susceptibility at the antiferromagnetic wave vector k_3 = 0.35 c^*, we have shown that the energy width Gamma(k_3), i.e., inverse correlation time, depends on temperature as Gamma(k_3) = c_1 + c_2 T^{3/2 +- 0.1}, where c_1 and c_2 are x dependent constants, in a low temperature range. This critical exponent 3/2 +- 0.1 proves that the QCP is controlled by that of the itinerant antiferromagnet.
We show that the defect density $n$, for a slow non-linear power-law quench with a rate $tau^{-1}$ and an exponent $alpha>0$, which takes the system through a critical point characterized by correlation length and dynamical critical exponents $ u$ and $z$, scales as $n sim tau^{-alpha u d/ (alpha z u+1)}$ [$n sim (alpha g^{(alpha-1)/alpha}/tau)^{ u d/(z u+1)}$], if the quench takes the system across the critical point at time $t=0$ [$t=t_0 e 0$], where $g$ is a non-universal constant and $d$ is the system dimension. These scaling laws constitute the first theoretical results for defect production in non-linear quenches across quantum critical points and reproduce their well-known counterpart for linear quench ($alpha=1$) as a special case. We supplement our results with numerical studies of well-known models and suggest experiments to test our theory.
We consider the finite-temperature phase diagram of the $S = 1/2$ frustrated Heisenberg bilayer. Although this two-dimensional system may show magnetic order only at zero temperature, we demonstrate the presence of a line of finite-temperature critical points related to the line of first-order transitions between the dimer-singlet and -triplet regimes. We show by high-precision quantum Monte Carlo simulations, which are sign-free in the fully frustrated limit, that this critical point is in the Ising universality class. At zero temperature, the continuous transition between the ordered bilayer and the dimer-singlet state terminates on the first-order line, giving a quantum critical end point, and we use tensor-network calculations to follow the first-order discontinuities in its vicinity.
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