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Register a new userThe radiative width of the Hoyle state from $gamma$-ray spectroscopy
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The cascading 3.21 MeV and 4.44 MeV electric quadrupole transitions have been observed from the Hoyle state at 7.65 MeV excitation energy in $^{12}$C, excited by the $^{12}$C(p,p$^{prime}$) reaction at 10.7 MeV proton energy. From the proton-$gamma$-$gamma$ triple coincidence data, a value of ${Gamma_{rm rad}}/{Gamma}=6.2(6) times 10^{-4}$ was obtained for the radiative branching ratio. Using our results, together with ${Gamma_{pi}^{E0}}/{Gamma}$ from Eriksen et al., Phys. Rev. C 102, 024320 and the currently adopted $Gamma_{pi}(E0)$ values, the radiative width of the Hoyle state is determined as $Gamma_{rm rad}=5.1(6) times 10^{-3}$ eV. This value is about 34% higher than the currently adopted value and will impact on models of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.
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Electron scattering off the first excited 0+ state in 12C (the Hoyle state) has been performed at low momentum transfers at the S-DALINAC. The new data together with a novel model-independent analysis of the world data set covering a wide momentum transfer range result in a highly improved transition charge density from which a pair decay width Gamma_pi = (62.3 +- 2.0) micro-eV of the Hoyle state was extracted reducing the uncertainty of the literature values by more than a factor of three. A precise knowledge of Gamma_pi is mandatory for quantitative studies of some key issues in the modeling of supernovae and of asymptotic giant branch stars, the most likely site of the slow-neutron nucleosynthesis process.
The decay path of the Hoyle state in $^{12}$C ($E_x=7.654textrm{MeV}$) has been studied with the $^{14}textrm{N}(textrm{d},alpha_2)^{12}textrm{C}(7.654)$ reaction induced at $10.5textrm{MeV}$. High resolution invariant mass spectroscopy techniques have allowed to unambiguously disentangle direct and sequential decays of the state passing through the ground state of $^{8}$Be. Thanks to the almost total absence of background and the attained resolution, a fully sequential decay contribution to the width of the state has been observed. The direct decay width is negligible, with an upper limit of $0.043%$ ($95%$ C.L.). The precision of this result is about a factor $5$ higher than previous studies. This has significant implications on nuclear structure, as it provides constraints to $3$-$alpha$ cluster model calculations, where higher precision limits are needed.
Using an array of high-purity Compton-suppressed germanium detectors, we performed an independent measurement of the $beta$-decay branching ratio from $^{12}mathrm{B}$ to the second-excited (Hoyle) state in $^{12}mathrm{C}$. Our result is $0.64(11)%$, which is a factor $sim 2$ smaller than the previously established literature value, but is in agreement with another recent measurement. This could indicate that the Hoyle state is more clustered than previously believed. The angular correlation of the Hoyle state $gamma$ cascade has also been measured for the first time. It is consistent with theoretical predictions.
In the context of the search for triples of relativistic $alpha$-particles in the Hoyle state, the analysis of available data on the dissociation of the nuclei ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{16}$O and ${}^{22}$Ne in the nuclear emulsion was carried out. The Hoyle state is identified by the invariant mass calculated from pair angles of expansion in $alpha$-triples in the approximation of the conservation of the momentum per nucleon of the parent nucleus. The contribution of the Hoyle state to the dissociation of ${}^{12}$C $to$ 3$alpha$ is 11%. In the case of the coherent dissociation of ${}^{16}$O $to$ 4$alpha$ it reaches 22% when the portion of the channel ${}^{16}$O $to$ 2${}^{8}$Be is equal to 5%.
The fragmentation of quasi-projectiles from the nuclear reaction $^{40}$Ca+$^{12}$C at 25 MeV/nucleon was used to produce excited states candidates to $alpha$-particle condensation. Complete kinematic characterization of individual decay events, made possible by a high-granularity 4$pi$ charged particle multi-detector, reveals that 7.5$pm$4.0% of the particle decays of the Hoyle state correspond to direct decays in three equal-energy $alpha$-particles.
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