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Register a new userChromatic interferometry with small frequency differences
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By developing a `two-crystal method for color erasure, we can broaden the scope of chromatic interferometry to include optical photons whose frequency difference falls outside of the 400 nm to 4500 nm wavelength range, which is the passband of a PPLN crystal. We demonstrate this possibility experimentally, by observing interference patterns between sources at 1064.4 nm and 1063.6 nm, corresponding to a frequency difference of about 200 GHz.
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Interferometers are widely used in imaging technologies to achieve enhanced spatial resolution, but require that the incoming photons be indistinguishable. In previous work, we built and analyzed color erasure detectors which expand the scope of intensity interferometry to accommodate sources of different colors. Here we experimentally demonstrate how color erasure detectors can achieve improved spatial resolution in an imaging task, well beyond the diffraction limit. Utilizing two 10.9 mm-aperture telescopes and a 0.8 m baseline, we measure the distance between a 1063.6 nm source and a 1064.4 nm source separated by 4.2 mm at a distance of 1.43 km, which surpasses the diffraction limit of a single telescope by about 40 times. Moreover, chromatic intensity interferometry allows us to recover the phase of the Fourier transform of the imaged objects - a quantity that is, in the presence of modest noise, inaccessible to conventional intensity interferometry.
In the late 80s, Ou and Mandel experimentally observed signal beatings by performing a non-time resolved coincidence detection of two photons having interfered in a balanced beam splitter [Phys. Rev. Lett 61, 54 (1988)]. In this work, we provide a new interpretation of the fringe pattern observed in this experiment as the direct measurement of the chronocyclic Wigner distribution of a frequency Schrodinger cat-like state produced by local spectral filtering. Based on this analysis, we also study time-resolved HOM experiment to measure such frequency state.
Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry takes advantage of the quantum nature of two-photon interference to increase the resolution of precision measurements of time-delays. Relying on few-photon probe states, this approach is applicable also in cases of extremely sensible samples and it achieves attosecond (nanometer path length) scale resolution, which is relevant to cell biology and two-dimensional materials. Here, we theoretically analyze how the precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers can be significantly improved by engineering the spectral distribution of two-photon probe states. In particular, we assess the metrological power of different classes of biphoton states with non-Gaussian time-frequency spectral distributions, considering the estimation of both time- and frequency-shifts. We find that grid states, characterized by a periodic structure of peaks in the chronocyclic Wigner function, can outperform standard biphoton states in sensing applications. The considered states can be feasibly produced with atomic photon sources, bulk non-linear crystals and integrated photonic waveguide devices.
We realize and model a Rydberg-state atom interferometer for measurement of phase and intensity of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. A phase reference is supplied to the atoms via a modulated laser beam, enabling atomic measurement of the RF waves phase without an external RF reference wave. The RF and optical fields give rise to closed interferometric loops within the atoms internal Hilbert space. In our experiment, we construct interferometric loops in the state space ${ 6P_{3/2}, 90S_{1/2}, 91S_{1/2}, 90P_{3/2} }$ of cesium and employ them to measure phase and intensity of a 5 GHz RF wave in a room-temperature vapor cell. Electromagnetically induced transparency on the $6S_{1/2}$ to $6P_{3/2}$ transition serves as an all-optical interferometer probe. The RF phase is measured over a range of $pi$, and a sensitivity of 2 mrad is achieved. RF phase and amplitude measurements at sub-millimeter optical spatial resolution are demonstrated.
Optics and interferometry with matter waves is the art of coherently manipulating the translational motion of particles like neutrons, atoms and molecules. Coherent atom optics is an extension of techniques that were developed for manipulating emph{internal} quantum states. Applying these ideas to translational motion required the development of techniques to localize atoms and transfer population coherently between distant localities. In this view position and momentum are (continuouse) quantum mechanical degree of freedom analogous to discrete internal quantum states. In our contribution we start with an introduction into matter-wave optics in section 1, discuss coherent atom optics and atom interferometry techniques for molecular beams in section 2 and for trapped atoms in section 3. In section 4 we then describe tools and experiments that allow us to probe the evolution of quantum states of many-body systems by atom interference.
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