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Register a new userDynamics of mode-locked nanolasers based on Hermite-Gaussian modes
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The different dynamical behaviors of the Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes of mode-locked nanolasers based on a harmonic photonic cavity are investigated in detail using a model based on a modified Gross-Pitaevskii Equation. Such nanolasers are shown to exhibit mode-locking with a repetition rate independent of the cavity length, which is a strong asset for compactness.The differences with respect to conventional lasers are shown to originate from the peculiar gain competition between HG modes, which is investigated in details. In the presence of a saturable absorber, the different regimes, i. e. Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking, and continuous-wave (cw) mode locking, are isolated in a phase diagram and separately described. Mode-locking is found to be robust against phase-intensity coupling and to be achievable in a scheme with spatially separated gain and absorber.
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Mode-locking is predicted in a nanolaser cavity forming an effective photonic harmonic potential. The cavity is substantially more compact than a Fabry-Perot resonator with comparable pulsing period, which is here controlled by the potential. In the limit of instantaneous gain and absorption saturation, mode-locking corresponds to a stable dissipative soliton, which it very well approximated by the coherent state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator. This property is robust against non-instantaneous material response and non-zero phase-intensity coupling.
The Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes, sometimes also referred to as transverse electromagnetic modes in free space, form a complete and orthonormal basis that have been extensively used to describe optical fields. In addition, these modes have been shown to be helpful to enhance information capacity of optical communications as well as to achieve super-resolution imaging in microscopy. Here we propose and present the realization of an efficient, robust mode sorter that can sort a large number of HG modes based on the relation between HG modes and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. We experimentally demonstrate the sorting of 16 HG modes, and our method can be readily extended to a higher-dimensional state space in a straightforward manner. We expect that our demonstration will have direct applications in a variety of fields including fiber optics, classical and quantum communications, as well as super-resolution imaging.
Vast geographical distances in Africa are a leading cause for the so-called digital divide due to the high cost of installing fibre. Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications offer a convenient and higher bandwidth alternative to point-to-point radio microwave links, with the possibility of re-purposing existing infrastructure. Unfortunately, the range of high bandwidth FSO remains limited. While there has been extensive research into an optimal mode set for FSO to achieve maximum data throughput by mode division multiplexing, there has been relatively little work investigating optical modes to improve the resilience of FSO links. Here we experimentally show that a carefully chosen subset of Hermite-Gaussian modes is more resilient to atmospheric turbulence than similar Laguerre-Gauss beams, theoretically resulting in a 167% theoretical increase of propagation distance at a mode dependent loss of 50%.
We found that small perturbations of the optical vortex core in the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams generate a fine structure of the Hermite-Gauss (HG) mode spectrum. Such perturbations can be easily simulated by weak variations of amplitudes and phases of the HG modes in the expansion of the LG beam field. We also theoretically substantiated and experimentally implemented a method for measuring the topological charge of LG beams with an arbitrary number of ring dislocations. Theoretical discussion and experimental studies were accompanied by simple examples of estimating the orbital angular momentum and the topological charge of perturbed LG beams.
The multiple lobes of high order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) laser modes differ in terms of shape, size, and optical energy distribution. Here, we introduce a generic numerical method that redistributes optical energy among the lobes of high order HG modes such that all the identical low intense lobes become both moderate or high intense lobes and vice-versa, in a controlled manner. Further, the modes which consist of only two types of intensity distribution among its multiple lobes are transformed together into all high intense lobes. Furthermore, in some cases, moderate intense lobes together with high intense lobes become high intense lobes, and moderate intense lobes together with low intense lobes become high intense lobes. Such controlled modulation of optical energy may offer efficient and selective utilization of each lobe of HG modes in most applications like particle manipulation, optical lithography, and the method can be used in other fields like nonlinear frequency conversion and shaping ultrafast optical pulses.
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