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Register a new userSnowmass 2021 Letter of Interest: Decays of Heavy Flavors Beauty, Charm, and Tau
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The Heavy Flavor Averaging Group provides this Letter of Interest (LOI) as input to the Snowmass 2021 Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise organized by the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society. Research in heavy flavor physics is an essential component of particle physics, both within and beyond the Standard Model. To fully realize the potential of this field, we advocate strong support within the U.S. high energy physics program for ongoing and future experimental and theory research in heavy flavor physics.
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The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to identify the sources of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmic neutrinos, both with full-sky coverage. Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, POEMMA consists of two spacecraft flying in a loose formation at 525 km altitude, 28.5 deg inclination orbits. Each spacecraft hosts a Schmidt telescope with a large collecting area and wide field of view. A novel focal plane is optimized to observe both the UV fluorescence signal from extensive air showers (EASs) and the beamed optical Cherenkov signals from EASs. In POEMMA-stereo fluorescence mode, POEMMA will measure the spectrum, composition, and full-sky distribution of the UHECRs above 20 EeV with high statistics along with remarkable sensitivity to UHE neutrinos. The spacecraft are designed to quickly re-orient to a POEMMA-limb mode to observe neutrino emission from Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) transient astrophysical sources viewed just below the Earths limb. In this mode, POEMMA will have unique sensitivity to cosmic neutrino tau events above 20 PeV by measuring the upward-moving EASs induced by the decay of the emerging tau leptons following the interactions of neutrino tau inside the Earth.
We present the measurements, performed by the Belle II experiment, related to the B and D meson decays. These results are based on 63 fb$^{-1}$ and 9 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data recorded by the Belle II detector at a center-of-mass energy corresponding to the mass of the Y(4S) resonance and 60 MeV below the Y(4S) resonance. The results reassure that Belle II is in the right direction in pursuit of measuring the Standard Model predictions with improved precision.
Since the discovery of CP violation more than 5 decades ago, this phenomenon is still attracting a lot of interest. Among the many fascinating aspects of this subject, this review is dedicated to direct CP violation in non-leptonic decays. The advances within the last decade have been enormous, driven by the increasingly large samples of b- and c-hadron decays, and have led to very interesting results such as large CP asymmetries in charmless B decays and the observation of direct CP violation in the charm sector. We address the quest for understanding the origin of strong phases, the importance of final state interactions and the relation with CPT symmetry, and different approaches to measure direct CP violation in these decays. The main experimental results and their implications are then discussed.
Results on open charm and beauty production and on the search for top production in high-energy electron-proton collisions at HERA are reviewed. This includes a discussion of relevant theoretical aspects, a summary of the available measurements and measurement techniques, and their impact on improved understanding of QCD and its parameters, such as parton density functions and charm- and beauty-quark masses. The impact of these results on measurements at the LHC and elsewhere is also addressed.
First observations of the decays $Lambda_b^0 to Lambda_c^+ D_{(s)}^-$ are reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3,{rm fb}^{-1}$ collected at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energy in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector. In addition, the most precise measurement of the branching fraction ${mathcal{B}(B_s^0 to D^+D_s^-)}$ is made and a search is performed for the decays $B^0_{(s)} to Lambda_c^+ Lambda_c^-$. The results obtained are begin{eqnarray*} mathcal{B}(Lambda_b^0 to Lambda_c^+ D^-)/mathcal{B}(Lambda_b^0 to Lambda_c^+ D_{s}^-) &=& 0.042 pm 0.003({rm stat}) pm 0.003({rm syst}), left[frac{mathcal{B}(Lambda_b^0 to Lambda_c^+ D_{s}^-)}{mathcal{B}({kern 0.2em}overline{kern -0.2em B}_d^0 to D^+D_s^-)}right]big/left[frac{mathcal{B}(Lambda_b^0 to Lambda_c^+pi^-)}{mathcal{B}({kern 0.2em}overline{kern -0.2em B}_d^0 to D^+pi^-)}right] &=& 0.96 pm 0.02({rm stat}) pm 0.06({rm syst}), mathcal{B}(B_s^0 to D^+D_s^-)/mathcal{B}({kern 0.2em}overline{kern -0.2em B}_d^0 to D^+D_s^-) &=& 0.038pm0.004({rm stat})pm0.003({rm syst}), mathcal{B}({kern 0.2em}overline{kern -0.2em B}^0 to Lambda_c^+ Lambda_c^-)/mathcal{B}({kern 0.2em}overline{kern -0.2em B}_d^0 to D^+D_s^-) & < & 0.0022; [95% ; {rm C.L.}], mathcal{B}(B^0_{s} to Lambda_c^+ Lambda_c^-)/mathcal{B}(B_s^0 to D^+D_s^-) & < & 0.30; [95% ; {rm C.L.}]. end{eqnarray*} Measurement of the mass of the $Lambda_b^0$ baryon relative to the $B^0$ meson gives ${M(Lambda_b^0) -M(B^0) = 339.72pm 0.24({rm stat}) pm 0.18({rm syst})}$ MeV$/c^2$. This result provides the most precise measurement of the mass of the $Lambda_b^0$ baryon to date.
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