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Register a new userHigh energy QCD: multiplicity dependence of quarkonia production
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E. Gotsman
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In this paper we propose an approach which demonstrates the dependence of quarkoni production on the multiplicity of the accompanying hadrons. Our approach is based on the three gluons fusion mechanism, without assuming the multiplicity dependence of the saturation scale. We show, that we describe the experimental data, which has a dependence that is much steeper than the multiplicity of the hadrons.
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In inelastic $p+p$ collisions, the interacting objects are quarks and gluons (partons). It is believed that there are multiple interactions between the partons in a single $p+p$ event. Recent studies of multiplicity dependence of particle production in $p+p$ collisions have gathered considerable interest in the scientific community. According to several theoretical calculations, multiple gluon participation in hadronic collisions is the cause of high-multiplicity events. If the interaction is hard enough (large $p_{rm T}$ transfer), the semi-hard processes of multiple interactions of partons might also lead to production of heavy particles like J/$psi$. At the LHC, an approximately linear increase of the relative J/$psi$ yield with charged particle multiplicity is observed in $p+p$ collisions. In the present work, we have studied the contribution of quarks and gluons to the multiplicity dependence of J/$psi$ production using pQCD inspired event generator, PYTHIA8 tune 4C, in $p+p$ collisions at $sqrt{s} =$13 TeV by investigating relative J/$psi$ yield and relative $langle p_{rm T} rangle$ of J/$psi$ as a function of charged particle multiplicity for different hard-QCD processes. We have estimated a newly defined ratio, $r_{pp} = {langle p_{rm T}^{2} rangle}_{i}/{langle p_{rm T}^{2} rangle}_{rm MB}$, to understand J/$psi$ production in high-multiplicity $p+p$ collisions. For the first time we attempt to study the nuclear modification factor like observables ($R_{rm pp}$ and $R_{rm cp}$) to understand the QCD medium formed in high-multiplicity $p+p$ collisions.
We present non-perturbative results for the spectrum of heavy quarkonia. Using an anisotropic formulation of Lattice QCD we achieved an unprecedented control over statistical and systematic errors. We also study relativistic corrections to the leading order predictions for heavy hybrids and conventional bound states.
After an introduction motivating the study of quarkonium production, we review the recent developments in the phenomenology of quarkonium production in inclusive scatterings of hadrons and leptons. We naturally address data and predictions relevant for the LHC, the Tevatron, RHIC, HERA, LEP, B factories and EIC. An up-to-date discussion of the contributions from feed downs within the charmonium and bottomonium families as well as from b hadrons to charmonia is also provided. This contextualises an exhaustive overview of new observables such as the associated production along with a Standard Model boson (photon, W and Z), with another quarkonium, with another heavy quark as well as with light hadrons or jets. We address the relevance of these reactions in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quarkonium production as well as the physics of multi-parton interactions, in particular the double parton scatterings. An outlook towards future studies and facilities concludes this review.
We develop a formalism for computing inclusive production cross sections of heavy quarkonia based on the nonrelativistic QCD and the potential nonrelativistic QCD effective field theories. Our formalism applies to strongly coupled quarkonia, which include excited charmonium and bottomonium states. Analogously to heavy quarkonium decay processes, we express nonrelativistic QCD long-distance matrix elements in terms of quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin and universal gluonic correlators. Our expressions for the long-distance matrix elements are valid up to corrections of order $1/N_c^2$. These expressions enhance the predictive power of the nonrelativistic effective field theory approach to inclusive production processes by reducing the number of nonperturbative unknowns, and make possible first-principle determinations of long-distance matrix elements once the gluonic correlators are known. Based on this formalism, we compute the production cross sections of $P$-wave charmonia and bottomonia at the LHC, and find good agreement with measurements.
Correlations between the QCD coupling alpha_s, the gluon condensate < alpha_s G^2 >, and the c,b-quark running masses m_c,b in the MS-scheme are explicitly studied (for the first time) from the (axial-)vector and (pseudo)scalar charmonium and bottomium ratios of Laplace sum rules (LSR) evaluated at the mu-subtraction stability point where PT @N2LO, N3LO and < alpha_s G^2> @NLO corrections are included. Our results clarify the (apparent) discrepancies between different estimates of < alpha_s G^2> from J/psi sum rule but also shows the sensitivity of the sum rules on the choice of the mu-subtraction scale which does not permit a high-precision estimate of m_c,b. We obtain from the (axial-)vector [resp. (pseudo)scalar] channels <alpha_s G^2>=(8.5+- 3.0)> [resp. (6.34+-.39)] 10^-2 GeV^4, m_c(m_c)= 1256(30) [resp. 1266(16)] MeV and m_b(m_b)=4192(15) MeV. Combined with our recent determinations from vector channel, one obtains the average: m_c(m_c)= 1263(14) MeV and m_b(m_b) 4184(11) MeV. Adding our value of the gluon condensate with different previous estimates, we obtain the new sum rule average: <alpha_s G^2>=(6.35+- 0.35) 10^-2 GeV^4. The mass-splittings M_chi_0c(0b)-M_eta_c(b) give @N2LO: alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1183(19)(3) in good agreement with the world average (see more detailed discussions in the section: addendum). .
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