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Register a new userTwo blocks connected by a string with variable tension: A dynamic case
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Added by
Hernan Javier Herrera Su\\'arez
Publication date
2020
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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In this paper, the dynamic case of a system made up of two blocks connected by a string over a smooth pulley is revisited. One mass lies on a horizontal surface without friction, and the other mass has a vertical displacement. The motion equation is obtained and its solution is determined using the Mathematica package. Also, an experimental montage for this system is made and experimental data for the vertical position $y$ in function of the time $t$ are obtained using a Data Acquisition System and the Tracker video analysis. The relation $y$ vs $t$ can be represented by a polynomial of degree six. An average relative error of 3.61 (10.14) % is obtained between the theoretical results acquired with Mathematica and the data taken from the Tracker (Data Acquisition System).
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In this paper we review the system made up by two blocks connected by a string over a smooth pulley with variable tension. One block lies on an horizontal surface and the another block is hanging vertically. We carry out a complete and systematic analysis for the tension of the string as function of the angle and the horizontal distance x, at static equilibrium. We find a simmetry-like that corresponds to two different confifigurations with the same tension and obtain the relationship that must satisfy two angles or two horizontal distances to obtain equal tension.
Motivated by recent theoretical arguments that expanding strings can be regarded as having a temperature that is inversely proportional to the proper time, tau, we investigate the consequences of adding a term proportional to 1/tau to the string tension in the Lund string-hadronization model. The lattice value for the tension, kappa0 ~ 0.18 GeV^2 ~ 0.9 GeV/fm, is then interpreted as the late-time/equilibrium limit. A generic prediction of this type of model is that early string breaks should be associated with higher strangeness (and baryon) fractions and higher fragmentation <pT> values. It should be possible to use archival ee data sets to provide model-independent constraints on this type of scenario, and we propose a few simple key measurements to do so.
We consider the string-net model on the honeycomb lattice for Ising anyons in the presence of a string tension. This competing term induces a nontrivial dynamics of the non-Abelian anyonic quasiparticles and may lead to a breakdown of the topological phase. Using high-order series expansions and exact diagonalizations, we determine the robustness of this doubled Ising phase which is found to be separated from two gapped phases. An effective quantum dimer model emerges in the large tension limit giving rise to two different translation symmetry-broken phases. Consequently, we obtain four transition points, two of which are associated with first-order transitions whereas the two others are found to be continuous and provide examples of recently proposed Bose condensation for anyons.
We introduce brane-worlds with non-constant tension, strenghtening the analogy with fluid membranes, which exhibit a temperature-dependence according to the empirical law established by Eotvos. This new degree of freedom allows for evolving gravitational and cosmological constants, the latter being a natural candidate for dark energy. We establish the covariant dynamics on a brane with variable tension in full generality, by considering asymmetrically embedded branes and allowing for non-standard model fields in the 5-dimensional space-time. Then we apply the formalism for a perfect fluid on a Friedmann brane, which is embedded in a 5-dimensional charged Vaidya-Anti de Sitter space-time.
The fundamental string length, which is an essential part of string theory, explicitly breaks scale invariance. However, in field theory we demonstrated recently that the gravitational constant, which is directly related to the string length, can be promoted to a dynamical field if the standard model coupled to gravity (SM+GR) is lifted to a locally scale (Weyl) invariant theory. The higher gauge symmetry reveals previously unknown field patches whose inclusion turn the classically conformally invariant SM+GR into a geodesically complete theory with new cosmological and possibly further physical consequences. In this paper this concept is extended to string theory by showing how it can be Weyl lifted with a local scale symmetry acting on target space background fields. In this process the string tension (fundamental string length) is promoted to a dynamical field, in agreement with the parallel developments in field theory. We then propose a string theory in a geodesically complete cosmological stringy background which suggests previously unimagined directions in the stringy exploration of the very early universe.
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