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Register a new userJ/psi-pair resonances by LHCb: a new revolution?
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Luciano Maiani
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A comment on the LHCb discovery of J/psi-pair resonances. To appear in Science Bulletin as a NEWS and VIEWS Paper.
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We suggest that the J/psi phi structures observed by LHCb can be fitted in two tetraquak multiplets, the S-wave ground state and the first radial excitation, with composition [cs][cbar sbar]. When compared to the previously identified [cq][cbar qbar] multiplet, the observed masses agree with what expected for a multiplet with q -->s. We propose the X(4274), fitted by LHCb with a single 1^++ resonance, to correspond rather to two, almost degenerate, unresolved lines with J^PC = 0^++, 2^++. Masses of missing particles in the 1S and 2S multiplets are predicted.
The two exotic $P_c^+(4380)$ and $P_c^+(4450)$ discovered in $2015$ by the LHCb Collaboration, together with the four resonances $X(4140)$, $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$, reported in $2016$ by the same collaboration, are described in a constituent quark model which has been able to explain the properties of charmonium states from the $J/psi$ to the $X(3872)$. Using this model we found a $bar DSigma_c^*$ bound state with $J^P=frac{3}{2}^-$ that may be identified with the $P_c^+(4380)$. In the $bar D^*Sigma_c$ channel we found three possible candidates for the $P_c^+(4450)$ with $J^P=frac{1}{2}^-$, $frac{3}{2}^-$ and $frac{3}{2}^+$ with almost degenerated energies. The $X(4140)$ resonance appears as a cusp in the $J/psiphi$ channel due to the near coincidence of the $D_{s}^{pm}D_{s}^{astpm}$ and $J/psiphi$ mass thresholds. The remaining three $X(4274)$, $X(4500)$ and $X(4700)$ resonances appear as conventional charmonium states with quantum numbers $3^{3}P_{1}$, $4^{3}P_{0}$ and $5^{3}P_{0}$, respectively; and whose masses and widths are slightly modified due to their coupling with the corresponding closest meson-meson thresholds.
The first observation of exotic states with a new quark content $c bar{c} u bar{s}$ decaying to the $J/psi K^+$ final state is reported with high significance from an amplitude analysis of the $B^+ to J/psi phi K^+$ decay. The analysis is carried out using proton-proton collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The most significant state, $Z_{cs}(4000)^+$, has a mass of $4003pm6,^{+,phantom{0}4}_{-,14}$ MeV, a width of $131pm15pm26$ MeV, and spin-parity $J^P=1^+$, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. A new $1^+$ $X(4685)$ state decaying to the $J/psi phi$ final state is also observed with high significance. In addition, the four previously reported $J/psi phi$ states are confirmed and two more exotic states, $Z_{cs}(4220)^+$ and $X(4630)$, are observed with significance exceeding five standard deviations.
In relativistic heavy ion collisions, after the quark gluon plasma (QGP) phase there is a hadron gas (HG) phase. In both phases $J/psi$ may be formed and destroyed. In this note we study the $J/psi$ interactions with other mesons in the hadron gas phase. Making use of effective field Lagrangians we obtain the cross sections for the production and absorption processes. With respect to the existing calculations, the improvements introduced here are the inclusion of $K$ and $K^*$s in the effective Lagrangian approach and the inclusion of processes involving the new exotic charmonium states $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4025)$. We conclude that the interactions between $J/psi$ and all the considered mesons reduce the original $J/psi$ abundance ( determined at the end of the quark gluon plasma phase ) by 20 % and 24 % in RHIC and LHC collisions respectively. Consequently, any really significant change in the $J/psi$ abundance comes from dissociation and regeneration processes in the QGP phase.
In two recent reactions by Belle producing $Dbar D$ and $Dbar D^*$ meson pairs, peaks above threshold have been measured in the differential cross sections, possibly indicating new resonances in these channels. We want to study such reactions from the point of view that the $D$ meson pairs are produced from already known or predicted resonances below threshold. Our study shows that the peak in the $Dbar D^*$ production is not likely to be caused by the X(3872) resonance, but the peak seen in $Dbar D$ invariant mass can be well described if the $Dbar D$ pair comes from the already predicted scalar X(3700) resonance.
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