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We discuss the stability of hidden and open heavy-flavor hadronic states made of either two or three mesons. References are made in passing to studies regarding two and three-body systems containing baryons. We perform a comparative study analyzing the results in terms of quark and hadron degrees of freedom. Compact and molecular states are found to exist in very specific situations. We estimate the decay width for the different scenarios: weak decays for bound states by the strong interaction, and strong decays for hadronic resonances above a decay threshold. The experimental observation of narrow hadrons lying well above their lowest decay threshold is theoretically justified.
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Open-heavy tetraquark states, especially those contain four different quarks have drawn much attention in both theoretical and experimental fields. In the framework of the improved chromomagnetic interaction (ICMI) model, we complete a systematic study on the mass spectra and possible strong decay channels of the $S$-wave open-heavy tetraquark states, $qqbar{q}bar{Q}$ ($q=u,d,s$ and $Q=c,b$), with different quantum number $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$, and $2^+$. The parameters in the ICMI model are extracted from the conventional hadron spectra and used directly to predict the mass of tetraquark states. Several compact bound states and narrow resonances are found in both charm-strange and bottom-strange tetraquark sectors, most of them as a product of the strong coupling between the different channels. Our results show the recently discovered four different flavors tetraquark candidates $X_0(2900)$ is probably compact $udbar{s}bar{c}$ state with quantum number $J^P=0^+$. The predictions about $X_0(2900)$ and its partners are expected to be better checked with other theories and future experiments.
We address the modification of open heavy-flavor mesons in a hot medium of light mesons within an effective theory approach consistent with chiral and heavy-quark spin-flavor symmetries and the use of the imaginary time formalism to introduce the non-zero temperature effects to the theory. The unitarized scattering amplitudes, the ground-state self-energies and the corresponding spectral functions are calculated self-consistently. We use the thermal ground-state spectral functions obtained with this methodology to further calculate 1) open-charm meson Euclidean correlators, and 2) off-shell transport coefficients in the hadronic phase.
We investigate the in-medium masses of open charm mesons ($D$($D^0$, $D^+$), $bar{D}$($bar{D^0}$, $D^-$), $D_s$(${D_{s}}^+$, ${D_{s}}^-$)) and charmonium states ($J/psi$, $psi(3686)$, $psi(3770)$, $chi_{c0}$, $chi_{c2}$) in strongly magnetized isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter using a chiral effective model. In the presence of the magnetic field, the number density and scalar density of charged baryons have contributions from Landau energy levels. The mass modifications of open charm mesons arise due to their interactions with nucleons, hyperons, and the scalar fields (the non-strange field $sigma$, strange field $zeta$ and isovector field $delta$) in the presence of the magnetic field. The mass modifications of the charmonium states arise from the variation of dilaton field ($chi$) in the magnetized medium, which simulates the gluon condensates of QCD. The in-medium mass of open charm mesons and charmonia are observed to decrease with an increase in baryon density, whereas the charged $D^+$, $D^-$, ${D_{s}}^+$ and ${D_{s}}^-$ mesons have additional positive mass shifts due to Landau quantization in the presence of the magnetic field. The effects of strangeness fraction are found to be more dominant for the $bar{D}$ mesons as compared to the $D$ mesons. The mass shifts of charmonia are observed to be larger in hyperonic medium compared to the nuclear medium.
We study the interesting problem of interaction and identification of the hadronic molecules which seem to be deuteron-like structure. In particular, we propose a binding mechanism in which One Boson Exchange Potential plus Yukawa screen-like potential is applied in their relative s-wave state. We propose the dipole-like interaction between two color neutral states to form a hadronic molecule. For the identification of the hadronic molecules, the Weinbergs compositeness theorem is used to distinguish the molecule from confined (elementary) state. The present formalism predict some di-hadronic molecular states, involving quarks (s, c, b or $overline{s}$, $overline{c}$, $overline{b}$) as a constituents, namely, $pn$, $Koverline{K}$, $rho overline{rho}$, $K^{*}overline{K^{*}}$, $Doverline{D^{*}}$($overline{D}D^{*}$), $D^{*}overline{D^{*}}$, $Boverline{B^{*}}$, $B^{*}overline{B^{*}}$, $D^{*pm}overline{D_{1}^{0}}$, $ D^{0}overline{K^{pm}}$, $D^{*0}overline{K^{pm}}$, with their possible quantum numbers.
A method for modelling the prompt production of molecular states using the hadronic rescattering framework of the general-purpose Pythia event generator is introduced. Production cross sections of possible exotic hadronic molecules via hadronic rescattering at the LHC are calculated for the $chi_{c1}(3872)$ resonance, a possible tetraquark state, as well as three possible pentaquark states, $P_c^+(4312)$, $P_c^+(4440)$, and $P_c^+(4457)$. For the $P_c^+$ states, the expected cross section from $Lambda_b$ decays is compared to the hadronic-rescattering production. The $chi_{c1}(3872)$ cross section is compared to the fiducial $chi_{c1}(3872)$ cross-section measurement by LHCb and found to contribute at a level of O(1%). Finally, the expected yields of $P_c^+$ production from hadronic rescattering during Run 3 of LHCb are estimated. The prompt background is found to be significantly larger than the prompt $P_c^+$ signal from hadronic rescattering.
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