No Arabic abstract
This paper presents the production of charged particles associated with high-$p_{rm T}$ trigger particles ($8<p_{rm T}^{rm trig.}<15$ GeV/$c$) in proton-proton collisions at $sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV simulated with PYTHIA 8.244. The study is performed as a function of the relative transverse activity classifier, $R_{rm T}$, which is the relative charged-particle multiplicity in the transverse region ($pi/3<|phi^{rm trig.}-phi^{rm assoc.}|<2pi/3$) of the di-hadron correlations, and it is sensitive to the Multi-Parton Interactions. The evolution of both the near and the away-side yield of associated particles ($3leq p_{rm T}^{rm assoc.}< 8$ GeV/$c$) as a function of $R_{rm T}$ is investigated. We propose a strategy which allows for the modelling and subtraction of the underlying event contribution from the near and the away side in challenging environments like those characterised by large $R_{rm T}$. We found that the away-side signal becomes broader with increasing $R_{rm T}$, while its corresponding yield is independent of $R_{rm T}$. Contrarily, the near-side yield increases with $R_{rm T}$. This effect is reminiscent of that seen in heavy-ion collisions, where an enhancement in the near-side yield for 0-5% central Pb-Pb collisions at $sqrt{s_{rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV was reported. A discussion on the origin of these effects in PYTHIA, as well as their implications for the interpretation of recent LHC results for pp collisions, is presented.
We study the multiplicity distributions of events with hard jets in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies using PYTHIA 8 Monte-Carlo simulations. We demonstrate that the charged-hadron multiplicity distributions scale with jet momentum. This suggests that the Koba--Nielsen--Olesen (KNO) scaling holds within a jet. The in-jet scaling is fulfilled without multiple-parton interactions (MPI), but breaks down in case MPI is present without color reconnection. Our findings imply that KNO scaling is violated by parton shower or multiple-parton interactions in higher-energy collisions.
We study charged particle production in proton-antiproton collisions at 300 GeV, 900 GeV, and 1.96 TeV. We use the direction of the charged particle with the largest transverse momentum in each event to define three regions of eta-phi space; toward, away, and transverse. The average number and the average scalar pT sum of charged particles in the transverse region are sensitive to the modeling of the underlying event. The transverse region is divided into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the hard component (initial and final-state radiation) from the beam-beam remnant and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The center-of-mass energy dependence of the various components of the event are studied in detail. The data presented here can be used to constrain and improve QCD Monte Carlo models, resulting in more precise predictions at the LHC energies of 13 and 14 TeV.
The increase of strange-particle yields relative to pions versus charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC is usually described by microscopic or hydrodynamical models as a result of the increasing density of produced partons or strings and their interactions. Instead, we consider the multiple partonic interaction (MPI) picture originally developed in the context of the PYTHIA event generator. We find that strangeness enhancement in PYTHIA is hidden by a large excess of low-$p_{rm T}$ multi-strange baryons, which mainly results from the hadronization of $u$-quark, $d$-quark and gluon ($udg$) strings. Strange baryons produced in strings formed from parton showers initiated by strange quarks ($s$-fragmentation), however, describe well the spectral shapes of $Xi$ and $Omega$ baryons and their multiplicity dependence. Since the total particle yield contains contributions from soft and hard particle production, which cannot be experimentally separated, we argue that the correct description of the $p_{rm T}$-spectra is a minimum requirement for meaningful comparisons of multiplicity dependent yield measurements to MPI based calculations. We demonstrate that the $s$-fragmentation component describes the increase of average $p_{rm T}$ and yields with multiplicity seen in the data, including the approximate multiplicity scaling for different collision energies. When restricted to processes that reproduce the measured $p_{rm T}$-spectra, the MPI framework exhibits a smooth evolution from strictly proportional multiplicity scaling ($K_{rm S}^0$, $Lambda$, where the $udg$-hadronization component dominates) to linearity ($s$-fragmentation) and on to increasingly non-linear behavior ($c$-, $b$-quark and high-$p_{rm T}$ jet fragmentation), hence providing a unified approach for particle production in pp collisions.
We examine the intrinsic spin-dependence of the dominant $gg rightarrow gggg$ subprocess contribution to four-jet production in polarized proton-proton collisions using helicity amplitude techniques. We find that the partonic level, longitudinal spin-spin asymmetry, $hat{a}_{LL}$, is intrinsically large in the kinematic regions probed in experiments detecting four isolated jets. Such events may provide another qualitative or semi-quantitative test of the spin-structure of QCD in planned polarized $pp$ collisions at RHIC.
The CMS collaboration at the LHC has reported a remarkable and unexpected phenomenon in very high-multiplicity high energy proton-proton collisions: a positive correlation between two particles produced at similar azimuthal angles, spanning a large range in rapidity. We suggest that this ridge-like correlation may be a reflection of the rare events generated by the collision of aligned flux tubes connecting the valence quarks in the wave functions of the colliding protons. The spray of particles resulting from the approximate line source produced in such inelastic collisions then gives rise to events with a strong correlation between particles produced over a large range of both positive and negative rapidity. We suggest an additional variable that is sensitive to such a line source which is related to a commonly used measure, ellipticity.