In this work, we present a unified framework for the performance analysis of dual-hop underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems with amplify-and-forward fixed gain relays in the presence of air bubbles and temperature gradients. Operating under either heterodyne detection or intensity modulation with direct detection, the UWOC is modeled by the unified mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma distribution that we have proposed based on an experiment conducted in an indoor laboratory setup and has been shown to provide an excellent fit with the measured data under the considered lab channel scenarios. More specifically, we derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the probability density function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in exact closed-form in terms of the bivariate Foxs H function. Based on this CDF expression, we present novel results for the fundamental performance metrics such as the outage probability, the average bit-error rate (BER) for various modulation schemes, and the ergodic capacity. Additionally, very tight asymptotic results for the outage probability and the average BER at high SNR are obtained in terms of simple functions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the dual-hop UWOC system can effectively mitigate the short range and both temperature gradients and air bubbles induced turbulences, as compared to the single UWOC link. All the results are verified via computer-based Monte-Carlo simulations.
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