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Register a new userMultivariate Polynomial Values in Difference Sets
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For $ellgeq 2$ and $hin mathbb{Z}[x_1,dots,x_{ell}]$ of degree $kgeq 2$, we show that every set $Asubseteq {1,2,dots,N}$ lacking nonzero differences in $h(mathbb{Z}^{ell})$ satisfies $|A|ll_h Ne^{-c(log N)^{mu}}$, where $c=c(h)>0$, $mu=[(k-1)^2+1]^{-1}$ if $ell=2$, and $mu=1/2$ if $ellgeq 3$, provided $h(mathbb{Z}^{ell})$ contains a multiple of every natural number and $h$ satisfies certain nonsingularity conditions. We also explore these conditions in detail, drawing on a variety of tools from algebraic geometry.
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The known families of difference sets can be subdivided into three classes: difference sets with Singer parameters, cyclotomic difference sets, and difference sets with gcd$(v,n)>1$. It is remarkable that all the known difference sets with gcd$(v,n)>1$ have the so-called character divisibility property. In 1997, Jungnickel and Schmidt posed the problem of constructing difference sets with gcd$(v,n)>1$ that do not satisfy this property. In an attempt to attack this problem, we use difference sets with three nontrivial character values as candidates, and get some necessary conditions.
We describe the practical implementation of an average polynomial-time algorithm for counting points on superelliptic curves defined over $mathbb Q$ that is substantially faster than previous approaches. Our algorithm takes as input a superelliptic curves $y^m=f(x)$ with $mge 2$ and $fin mathbb Z[x]$ any squarefree polynomial of degree $dge 3$, along with a positive integer $N$. It can compute $#X(mathbb F_p)$ for all $ple N$ not dividing $mmathrm{lc}(f)mathrm{disc}(f)$ in time $O(md^3 Nlog^3 Nloglog N)$. It achieves this by computing the trace of the Cartier--Manin matrix of reductions of $X$. We can also compute the Cartier--Manin matrix itself, which determines the $p$-rank of the Jacobian of $X$ and the numerator of its zeta function modulo~$p$.
We study two polynomial counting questions in arithmetic statistics via a combination of Fourier analytic and arithmetic methods. First, we obtain new quantitative forms of Hilberts Irreducibility Theorem for degree $n$ polynomials $f$ with $mathrm{Gal}(f) subseteq A_n$. We study this both for monic polynomials and non-monic polynomials. Second, we study lower bounds on the number of degree $n$ monic polynomials with almost prime discriminants, as well as the closely related problem of lower bounds on the number of degree $n$ number fields with almost prime discriminants.
Let $K/k$ be an extension of number fields, and let $P(t)$ be a quadratic polynomial over $k$. Let $X$ be the affine variety defined by $P(t) = N_{K/k}(mathbf{z})$. We study the Hasse principle and weak approximation for $X$ in three cases. For $[K:k]=4$ and $P(t)$ irreducible over $k$ and split in $K$, we prove the Hasse principle and weak approximation. For $k=mathbb{Q}$ with arbitrary $K$, we show that the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle and weak approximation is the only one. For $[K:k]=4$ and $P(t)$ irreducible over $k$, we determine the Brauer group of smooth proper models of $X$. In a case where it is non-trivial, we exhibit a counterexample to weak approximation.
We explore whether a root lattice may be similar to the lattice $mathscr O$ of integers of a number field $K$ endowed with the inner product $(x, y):={rm Trace}_{K/mathbb Q}(xcdottheta(y))$, where $theta$ is an involution of $K$. We classify all pairs $K$, $theta$ such that $mathscr O$ is similar to either an even root lattice or the root lattice $mathbb Z^{[K:mathbb Q]}$. We also classify all pairs $K$, $theta$ such that $mathscr O$ is a root lattice. In addition to this, we show that $mathscr O$ is never similar to a positive-definite even unimodular lattice of rank $leqslant 48$, in particular, $mathscr O$ is not similar to the Leech lattice. In appendix, we give a general cyclicity criterion for the primary components of the discriminant group of $mathscr O$.
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