No Arabic abstract
In this paper a fully Eulerian solver for the study of multiphase flows for simulating the propagation of surface gravity waves over submerged bodies is presented. We solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the volume of fluid technique for the modeling of the liquid phases with the interface, an immersed body method for the solid bodies and an iterative strong-coupling procedure for the fluid-structure interaction. The flow incompressibility is enforced via the solution of a Poisson equation which, owing to the density jump across the interfaces of the liquid phases, has to resort to the splitting procedure of Dodd & Ferrante [12]. The solver is validated through comparisons against classical test cases for fluid-structure interaction like migration of particles in pressure-driven channel, multiphase flows, water exit of a cylinder and a good agreement is found for all tests. Furthermore, we show the application of the solver to the case of a surface gravity wave propagating over a submerged reversed pendulum and verify that the solver can reproduce the energy exchange between the wave and the pendulum. Finally the three-dimensional spilling breaking of a wave induced by a submerged sphere is considered.
This work presents a new multiphase SPH model that includes the shifting algorithm and a variable smoothing length formalism to simulate multi-phase flows with accuracy and proper interphase management. The implementation was performed in the DualSPHysics code and validated for different canonical experiments, such as the single-phase and multiphase Poiseuille and Couette test cases. The method is accurate even for the multiphase case for which two phases are simulated. The shifting algorithm and the variable smoothing length formalism has been applied in the multiphase SPH model to improve the numerical results at the interphase even when it is highly deformed and non-linear effects become important. The obtained accuracy in the validation tests and the good interphase definition in the instability cases indicate an important improvement in the numerical results compared with single-phase and multiphase models where the shifting algorithm and the variable smoothing length formalism are not applied.
We investigate the capability of neural network-based model order reduction, i.e., autoencoder (AE), for fluid flows. As an example model, an AE which comprises of a convolutional neural network and multi-layer perceptrons is considered in this study. The AE model is assessed with four canonical fluid flows, namely: (1) two-dimensional cylinder wake, (2) its transient process, (3) NOAA sea surface temperature, and (4) $y-z$ sectional field of turbulent channel flow, in terms of a number of latent modes, a choice of nonlinear activation functions, and a number of weights contained in the AE model. We find that the AE models are sensitive against the choice of the aforementioned parameters depending on the target flows. Finally, we foresee the extensional applications and perspectives of machine learning based order reduction for numerical and experimental studies in fluid dynamics community.
A hybrid parallel approach for fully resolved simulations of particle-laden flows in sediment transport is proposed. To overcome the challenges of load imbalance in the traditional domain decomposition method when encountering highly uneven distributions of particles in space, we develop a hybrid parallel approach adopting the domain decomposition method for the carrier phase and a mirror domain technique for the disperse phase. We modify the mirror domain technique originally developed for point particles to fully resolved particle simulations, which are more challenging since a finite-sized particle may be split into different subdomains; thus, more complex treatments of particle-fluid interactions are needed. By utilizing the mirror domain technique, in which each processor handles nearly the same number of particles regardless of the particle spatial distribution, excellent load balance is achieved. The present hybrid parallel approach also shows strong scalability and high parallel efficiency in a test of a fully resolved simulation case of sediment transport. Furthermore, a novel memory optimization method is proposed for spherical particles of equal size, which can substantially reduce the memory cost and enable the simulation of millions of fully resolved particles on a common highly parallel computing platform. Our code is validated by several benchmark cases, and the results show good agreement with experimental and computational data in the literature.
A single incompressible, inviscid, irrotational fluid medium bounded by a free surface and varying bottom is considered. The Hamiltonian of the system is expressed in terms of the so-called Dirichlet-Neumann operators. The equations for the surface waves are presented in Hamiltonian form. Specific scaling of the variables is selected which leads to approximations of Boussinesq and KdV types taking into account the effect of the slowly varying bottom. The arising KdV equation with variable coefficients is studied numerically when the initial condition is in the form of the one soliton solution for the initial depth.
Metamaterials and photonic/phononic crystals have been successfully developed in recent years to achieve advanced wave manipulation and control, both in electromagnetism and mechanics. However, the underlying concepts are yet to be fully applied to the field of fluid dynamics and water waves. Here, we present an example of the interaction of surface gravity waves with a mechanical metamaterial, i.e. periodic underwater oscillating resonators. In particular, we study a device composed by an array of periodic submerged harmonic oscillators whose objective is to absorb wave energy and dissipate it inside the fluid in the form of heat. The study is performed using a state of the art direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation in its two-dimensional form with free boundary and moving bodies. We use a Volume of Fluid interface technique for tracking the surface and an Immersed Boundary method for the fluid-structure interaction. We first study the interaction of a monochromatic wave with a single oscillator and then add up to four resonators coupled only fluid-mechanically. We study the efficiency of the device in terms of the total energy dissipation and find that by adding resonators, the dissipation increases in a non trivial way. As expected, a large energy attenuation is achieved when the wave and resonators are characterised by similar frequencies. As the number of resonators is increased, the range of attenuated frequencies also increases. The concept and results presented herein are of relevance for applications in coastal protection.