No Arabic abstract
We study sparse recovery with structured random measurement matrices having independent, identically distributed, and uniformly bounded rows and with a nontrivial covariance structure. This class of matrices arises from random sampling of bounded Riesz systems and generalizes random partial Fourier matrices. Our main result improves the currently available results for the null space and restricted isometry properties of such random matrices. The main novelty of our analysis is a new upper bound for the expectation of the supremum of a Bernoulli process associated with a restricted isometry constant. We apply our result to prove new performance guarantees for the CORSING method, a recently introduced numerical approximation technique for partial differential equations (PDEs) based on compressive sensing.
A new family of operators, coined hierarchical measurement operators, is introduced and discussed within the well-known hierarchical sparse recovery framework. Such operator is a composition of block and mixing operations and notably contains the Kronecker product as a special case. Results on their hierarchical restricted isometry property (HiRIP) are derived, generalizing prior work on recovery of hierarchically sparse signals from Kronecker-structured linear measurements. Specifically, these results show that, very surprisingly, sparsity properties of the block and mixing part can be traded against each other. The measurement structure is well-motivated by a massive random access channel design in communication engineering. Numerical evaluation of user detection rates demonstrate the huge benefit of the theoretical framework.
We develop a theoretical foundation for the application of Nesterovs accelerated gradient descent method (AGD) to the approximation of solutions of a wide class of partial differential equations (PDEs). This is achieved by proving the existence of an invariant set and exponential convergence rates when its preconditioned version (PAGD) is applied to minimize locally Lipschitz smooth, strongly convex objective functionals. We introduce a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with a preconditioner built-in and show that PAGD is an explicit time-discretization of this ODE, which requires a natural time step restriction for energy stability. At the continuous time level, we show an exponential convergence of the ODE solution to its steady state using a simple energy argument. At the discrete level, assuming the aforementioned step size restriction, the existence of an invariant set is proved and a matching exponential rate of convergence of the PAGD scheme is derived by mimicking the energy argument and the convergence at the continuous level. Applications of the PAGD method to numerical PDEs are demonstrated with certain nonlinear elliptic PDEs using pseudo-spectral methods for spatial discretization, and several numerical experiments are conducted. The results confirm the global geometric and mesh size-independent convergence of the PAGD method, with an accelerated rate that is improved over the preconditioned gradient descent (PGD) method.
In the long-studied problem of combinatorial group testing, one is asked to detect a set of $k$ defective items out of a population of size $n$, using $m ll n$ disjunctive measurements. In the non-adaptive setting, the most widely used combinatorial objects are disjunct and list-disjunct matrices, which define incidence matrices of test schemes. Disjunct matrices allow the identification of the exact set of defectives, whereas list disjunct matrices identify a small superset of the defectives. Apart from the combinatorial guarantees, it is often of key interest to equip measurement designs with efficient decoding algorithms. The most efficient decoders should run in sublinear time in $n$, and ideally near-linear in the number of measurements $m$. In this work, we give several constructions with an optimal number of measurements and near-optimal decoding time for the most fundamental group testing tasks, as well as for central tasks in the compressed sensing and heavy hitters literature. For many of those tasks, the previous measurement-optimal constructions needed time either quadratic in the number of measurements or linear in the universe size. Most of our results are obtained via a clean and novel approach which avoids list-recoverable codes or related complex techniques which were present in almost every state-of-the-art work on efficiently decodable constructions of such objects.
We present the optimal design of a spectral method widely used to initialize nonconvex optimization algorithms for solving phase retrieval and other signal recovery problems. Our work leverages recent results that provide an exact characterization of the performance of the spectral method in the high-dimensional limit. This characterization allows us to map the task of optimal design to a constrained optimization problem in a weighted $L^2$ function space. The latter has a closed-form solution. Interestingly, under a mild technical condition, our results show that there exists a fixed design that is uniformly optimal over all sampling ratios. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance improvement brought by the proposed optimal design over existing constructions in the literature. In a recent work, Mondelli and Montanari have shown the existence of a weak reconstruction threshold below which the spectral method cannot provide useful estimates. Our results serve to complement that work by deriving the fundamental limit of the spectral method beyond the aforementioned threshold.
This paper studies an unsupervised deep learning-based numerical approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The approach makes use of the deep neural network to approximate solutions of PDEs through the compositional construction and employs least-squares functionals as loss functions to determine parameters of the deep neural network. There are various least-squares functionals for a partial differential equation. This paper focuses on the so-called first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) functional studied in [3], which is based on a first-order system of scalar second-order elliptic PDEs. Numerical results for second-order elliptic PDEs in one dimension are presented.