No Arabic abstract
We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the electronic structure of bilayer graphene at high n-doping and extreme displacement fields, created by intercalating epitaxial monolayer graphene on silicon carbide with magnesium to form quasi-freestanding bilayer graphene on magnesium-terminated silicon carbide. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that upon magnesium intercalation, the single massless Dirac band of epitaxial monolayer graphene is transformed into the characteristic massive double-band Dirac spectrum of quasi-freestanding bilayer graphene. Analysis of the spectrum using a simple tight binding model indicates that magnesium intercalation results in an n-type doping of 2.1 $times$ 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$, creates an extremely high displacement field of 2.6 V/nm, opening a considerable gap of 0.36 eV at the Dirac point. This is further confirmed by density-functional theory calculations for quasi-freestanding bilayer graphene on magnesium-terminated silicon carbide, which show a similar doping level, displacement field and bandgap. Finally, magnesium-intercalated samples are surprisingly robust to ambient conditions; no significant changes in the electronic structure are observed after 30 minutes exposure in air.
We study electron transport in nanostructures patterned in bilayer graphene patches grown epitaxially on SiC as a function of doping, magnetic field, and temperature. Away from charge neutrality transport is only weakly modulated by changes in carrier concentration induced by a local side-gate. At low n-type doping close to charge neutrality, electron transport resembles that in exfoliated graphene nanoribbons and is well described by tunnelling of single electrons through a network of Coulomb-blockaded islands. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, Coulomb blockade resonances fluctuate around an average energy and the gap shrinks as a function of magnetic field. At charge neutrality, however, conduction is less insensitive to external magnetic fields. In this regime we also observe a stronger suppression of the conductance below $T^*$, which we interpret as a sign of broken interlayer symmetry or strong fluctuations in the edge/potential disorder.
Monolayer structures made up of purely one kind of atoms are fascinating. Many kinds of honeycomb systems including carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus and arsenic have been shown to be stable. However, so far the structures are restricted to group IV and V elements. In this letter, we systematically investigate the stability of monolayer structures made up of aluminium, in four different geometric configurations (planar, buckled, puckered and triangular), by employing density functional theory based electronic structure calculation. Our results on cohesive energy and phonon dispersion predict that only planar honeycomb structure made up of aluminium is stable. We call it aluminene according to the standard naming convention. It is a metal. Results of electronic band structure suggest that it may be regarded as a highly hole doped graphene. We also present the tight-binding model and the Dirac theory to discuss the electronic properties of aluminene.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics of pristine bilayer graphene (BLG) and bilayer graphene intercalated with FeCl3 (FeCl3-G), were studied using time-resolved transient differential reflection (delta R/R). Compared to BLG, the FeCl3-G data showed an opposite sign of delta R/R, a slower rise time, and a single (instead of double) exponential relaxation. We attribute these differences in dynamics to the down-shifting of the Fermi level in FeCl3-G, as well as the formation of numerous horizontal bands arising from the d-orbitals of Fe. Our work shows that intercalation can dramatically change the electronic structure of graphene, and its associated carrier dynamics.
Model description of patterns of atomic displacements in twisted bilayer systems has been proposed. The model is based on the consideration of several dislocation ensembles, employing a language that is widely used for grain boundaries and film/substrate systems. We show that three ensembles of parallel screw dislocations are sufficient both to describe the rotation of the layers as a whole, and for the vortex-like displacements resulting from elastic relaxation. The results give a clear explanation of the observed features of the structural state such as vortices, accompanied by alternating stacking.
Recent observation of proximity effect cite{Morpurgo:2007} has ignited interest in superconductivity in graphene and its derivatives. We consider Ca-intercalated graphene bilayer and argue that it is a superconductor, and likely with a sizeable $T_{c}$. We find substantial and suggestive similarities between Ca-intercalated bilayer (C$_{6}$CaC$_{6}$), and CaC$_{6} $, an established superconductor with $T_{c}$ = 11.5 K. In particular, the nearly free electron band, proven to be instrumental for superconductivity in intercalated graphites, does cross the chemical potential in (C$_{6}$CaC$% _{6}$), despite the twice smaller doping level, satisfying the so-called textquotedblleft Cambridge criteriontextquotedblright . Calculated properties of zone-center phonons are very similar to those of CaC$%_{6}.$ This suggests that the critical temperature would probably be on the same scale as in CaC$_{6}$.