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Register a new userObserving Left-Right Symmetry in the Cosmic Microwave Background
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We consider the possibility of probing left-right symmetric model (LRSM) via cosmic microwave background (CMB). We adopt the minimal LRSM with Higgs doublets, also known as the doublet left-right model (DLRM), where all fermions including the neutrinos acquire masses only via their couplings to the Higgs bidoublet. Due to the Dirac nature of light neutrinos, there exist additional relativistic degrees of freedom which can thermalise in the early universe by virtue of their gauge interactions corresponding to the right sector. We constrain the model from Planck 2018 bound on the effective relativistic degrees of freedom and also estimate the prospects for planned CMB Stage IV experiments to constrain the model further. We find that $W_R$ boson mass below 4.06 TeV can be ruled out from Planck 2018 bound at $2sigma$ CL in the exact left-right symmetric limit which is equally competitive as the LHC bounds from dijet resonance searches. On the other hand Planck 2018 bound at $1sigma$ CL can rule out a much larger parameter space out of reach of present direct search experiments, even in the presence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom around the TeV corner. We also study the consequence of these constraints on dark matter in DLRM by considering a right handed real fermion quintuplet to be the dominant dark matter component in the universe.
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In an unconventional realization of left-right symmetry, the particle corresponding to the left-handed neutrino nu_L (with SU(2)_L interactions) in the right-handed sector, call it n_R (with SU(2)_R interactions), is not its Dirac mass partner, but a different particle which may be a dark-matter candidate. In parallel to leptogenesis in the SU(2)_L sector, asymmetric production of n_R may occur in the SU(2)_R sector. This mechanism is especially suited for n_R mass of order 1 to 10 keV, i.e. warm dark matter, which is a possible new paradigm for explaining the structure of the Universe at all scales.
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a relict of the early universe. Its perfect 2.725K blackbody spectrum demonstrates that the universe underwent a hot, ionized early phase; its anisotropy (about 80 mu K rms) provides strong evidence for the presence of photon-matter oscillations in the primeval plasma, shaping the initial phase of the formation of structures; its polarization state (about 3 mu K rms), and in particular its rotational component (less than 0.1 mu K rms) might allow to study the inflation process in the very early universe, and the physics of extremely high energies, impossible to reach with accelerators. The CMB is observed by means of microwave and mm-wave telescopes, and its measurements drove the development of ultra-sensitive bolometric detectors, sophisticated modulators, and advanced cryogenic and space technologies. Here we focus on the new frontiers of CMB research: the precision measurements of its linear polarization state, at large and intermediate angular scales, and the measurement of the inverse-Compton effect of CMB photons crossing clusters of Galaxies. In this framework, we will describe the formidable experimental challenges faced by ground-based, near-space and space experiments, using large arrays of detectors. We will show that sensitivity and mapping speed improvement obtained with these arrays must be accompanied by a corresponding reduction of systematic effects (especially for CMB polarimeters), and by improved knowledge of foreground emission, to fully exploit the huge scientific potential of these missions.
Left-right symmetry at high energy scales is a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model. In this paper we consider a typical minimal scenario in which it gets spontaneously broken by scalar triplets. Such a realization has been scrutinized over the past few decades chiefly in the context of collider studies. In this work we take a complementary approach and investigate whether the model can be probed via the search for a stochastic gravitational wave background induced by the phase transition in which $SU(3)_C times SU(2)_L times SU(2)_R times U(1)_{B-L}$ is broken down to the Standard Model gauge symmetry group. A prerequisite for gravitational wave production in this context is a first-order phase transition, the occurrence of which we find in a significant portion of the parameter space. Although the produced gravitational waves are typically too weak for a discovery at any current or future detector, upon investigating correlations between all relevant terms in the scalar potential, we have identified values of parameters leading to observable signals. This indicates that, given a certain moderate fine-tuning, the minimal left-right symmetric model with scalar triplets features another powerful probe which can lead to either novel constraints or remarkable discoveries in the near future. Let us note that some of our results, such as the full set of thermal masses, have to the best of our knowledge not been presented before and might be useful for future studies, in particular in the context of electroweak baryogenesis.
We construct the minimal supersymmetric left-right theory and show that at the renormalizable level it requires the existence of an intermediate $B-L$ breaking scale. The subsequent symmetry breaking down to MSSM automatically preserves R-symmetry. Furthermore, unlike in the nonsupersymmetric version of the theory, the see-saw mechanism takes its canonical form. The theory predicts the existence of a triplet of Higgs scalars much lighter than the $B-L$ breaking scale.
$SU(2)_L times SU(2)_R$ gauge symmetry requires three right-handed neutrinos ($ N _i $), one of which, $N_1$, can be sufficiently stable to be dark matter. In the early universe, $ W _R $ exchange with the Standard Model thermal bath keeps the right-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium at high temperatures. $N_1$ can make up all of dark matter if they freeze-out while relativistic and are mildly diluted by subsequent decays of a long-lived and heavier right-handed neutrino, $N_2$. We systematically study this parameter space, constraining the symmetry breaking scale of $SU(2)_R$ and the mass of $N_1$ to a triangle in the $(v_R,M_1)$ plane, with $v_R = (10^6 - 3 times 10^{12})$ GeV and $M_1 = (2, {rm keV} - 1 , {rm MeV)}$. Much of this triangle can be probed by signals of warm dark matter, especially if leptogenesis from $N_2$ decay yields the observed baryon asymmetry. The minimal value of $v_R$ is increased to $10^8 , {rm GeV}$ for doublet breaking of $SU(2)_R$, and further to $10^9 , {rm GeV}$ if leptogenesis occurs via $N_2$ decay, while the upper bound on $M_1$ is reduced to 100 keV. In addition, there is a component of hot $N_1$ dark matter resulting from the late decay of $N_2 rightarrow N_1 ell^+ ell^-$ that can be probed by future cosmic microwave background observations. Interestingly, the range of $v_R$ allows both precision gauge coupling unification and the Higgs Parity understanding of the vanishing of the Standard Model Higgs quartic at scale $v_R$. Finally, we study freeze-in production of $N_1$ dark matter via the $W_R$ interaction, which allows a much wider range of $(v_R,M_1)$.
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